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Will Wi-Fi 7, conceived to support extremely high throughput, also deliver consistently low delay? The best hope seems to lie in allowing next-generation devices to access multiple channels via multi-link operation (MLO). In this paper, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois , Giovanni Geraci , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano , Anders Jonsson , Boris Bellalta

In this article, we investigate the real-world capability of the multi-link operation (MLO) framework -- one of the key MAC-layer features included in the IEEE 802.11be amendment -- by using a large dataset containing 5 GHz spectrum…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Marc Carrascosa , Giovanni Geraci , Edward Knightly , Boris Bellalta

Wi-Fi 7 introduces Multi-link operation (MLO) to enhance throughput and latency performance compared to legacy Wi-Fi standards. MLO enables simultaneous transmission and reception through multiple links, departing from conventional…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Suhwan Jung , Seokwoo Choi , Youngkeun Yoon , Ho-kyung Son , Hyoil Kim

Will Multi-Link Operation (MLO) be able to improve the latency of Wi-Fi networks? MLO is one of the most disruptive MAC-layer techniques included in the IEEE 802.11be amendment. It allows a device to use multiple radios simultaneously and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Marc Carrascosa , Giovanni Geraci , Edward Knightly , Boris Bellalta

Extended Reality (XR) has stringent throughput and delay requirements that are hard to meet with current wireless technologies. Missing these requirements can lead to worsened picture quality, perceived lag between user input and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano , Francesc Wilhelmi , Gianluca Fontanesi , Anders Jonsson , Giovanni Geraci , Boris Bellalta

The multi-link operation (MLO) is a new feature proposed to be part of the IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput (EHT) amendment. Such feature represents a paradigm shift towards multi-link communications, as nodes will be allowed to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Álvaro López-Raventós , Boris Bellalta

Wi-Fi 7 is already in the making, and Multi-Link Operation (MLO) is one of the main features proposed in its correspondent IEEE 802.11be amendment. MLO will allow devices to coordinate multiple radio interfaces to access separate channels…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano , Anders Jonsson , Giovanni Geraci , Boris Bellalta

Since its first release in the late 1990s, Wi-Fi has been updated to keep up with evolving user needs. Recently, Wi-Fi and other radio access technologies have been pushed to their edge when serving Augmented Reality (AR) applications. AR…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Molham Alsakati , Charlie Pettersson , Sebastian Max , Vishnu Narayanan Moothedath , James Gross

The next generation of Wi-Fi is meant to achieve ultra-high reliability for wireless communication. Several approaches are available to this extent, some of which are being considered for inclusion in standards specifications, including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Stefano Scanzio , Matteo Rosani , Gabriele Formis , Dave Cavalcanti , Valerio Frascolla , Guido Marchetto , Gianluca Cena

Besides extremely high throughput, Wi-Fi 7 is also aimed at providing users a more deterministic behavior, characterized by shorter average latency and smaller jitters. A key mechanism to achieve this is multi-link operation, which brings…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Gianluca Cena , Matteo Rosani , Stefano Scanzio

The multi-link operation (MLO) is a new feature proposed to be part of the IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput (EHT) amendment. Through MLO, access points and stations will be provided with the capabilities to transmit and receive data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Álvaro López-Raventós , Boris Bellalta

IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) introduces a new concept called multi-link operation (MLO), which allows multiple Wi-Fi interfaces in different bands (2.4, 5, and 6 GHz) to work together to increase network throughput, reduce latency, and improve…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lyutianyang Zhang , Hao Yin , Sumit Roy , Liu Cao , Xiangyu Gao , Vanlin Sathya

This project compares the performance of simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) and enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) within Multi-Link Operation (MLO) in Wi-Fi 7 networks. Using the ns-3 simulator, we evaluate both techniques under…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Aishwarya Choorakuzhiyil , Kevin Ho , Sara Reyes

This paper proposes a novel mechanism to enforce contention-free channel access in the unlicensed spectrum, as opposed to the traditional contention-based approach. To achieve this objective, we build on the Wi-Fi~7 multi-link operation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-16 Gianluca Fontanesi , Francesc Wilhelmi , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano

The multi-link operation (MLO) is a key feature of the next IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput amendment. Through its adoption, it is expected to enhance users' experience by improving throughput rates and latency. However, potential…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Álvaro López-Raventós , Boris Bellalta

Multi-link Operation (MLO), arguably the most disruptive feature introduced in IEEE 802.11be, will cater for delay-sensitive applications by using multiple radio interfaces concurrently. In this paper, we analyze the delay distribution of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Boris Bellalta , Marc Carrascosa , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano , Giovanni Geraci

To support future diverse applications, multi-link operation (MLO) has been introduced in the Wi-Fi 7 standard (IEEE 802.11be) to enable concurrent communication over multiple frequency bands. This new capability relies on a two-tier medium…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhang Liu , Xianbin Wang , Shumin Lian , Lianfen Huang , Liqun Fu , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Next-generation Wi-Fi networks are looking forward to introducing new features like multi-link operation (MLO) to both achieve higher throughput and lower latency. However, given the limited number of available channels, the use of multiple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Rashid Ali , Boris Bellalta

In highly-dense IEEE 802.11 deployments, areas covered by multiple Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) will be common. This opens the door for stations equipped with multiple IEEE 802.11 interfaces to use several WLANs simultaneously,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Guillem Cañizares , Boris Bellalta

IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) introduces Multi-Link Operation (MLO) as a While MLO offers significant parallelism and capacity, realizing its full potential in guaranteeing strict delay bounds and optimizing Quality of Service (QoS) for diverse,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Peini Yi , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Jinzhe Pan , Yuehui Ouyang , Wei Zhang
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