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Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) has become a popular tool for controlling the risk of uncertain outcomes and ensuring reliable performance in highly stochastic sequential decision-making problems. While it has been shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xian Yu , Lei Ying

In this paper, we examine the convergence of mirror descent in a class of stochastic optimization problems that are not necessarily convex (or even quasi-convex), and which we call variationally coherent. Since the standard technique of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Zhengyuan Zhou , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Nicholas Bambos , Stephen Boyd , Peter Glynn

Direct optimization is an appealing framework that replaces integration with optimization of a random objective for approximating gradients in models with discrete random variables. A$^\star$ sampling is a framework for optimizing such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Guy Lorberbom , Chris J. Maddison , Nicolas Heess , Tamir Hazan , Daniel Tarlow

We consider randomized block coordinate stochastic mirror descent (RBSMD) methods for solving high-dimensional stochastic optimization problems with strongly convex objective functions. Our goal is to develop RBSMD schemes that achieve a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-15 Nahidsadat Majlesinasab , Farzad Yousefian , Arash Pourhabib

Regularization is one of the most important techniques in reinforcement learning algorithms. The well-known soft actor-critic algorithm is a special case of regularized policy iteration where the regularizer is chosen as Shannon entropy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Yunan Wang , Guojian Zhan , Jie Li , Shengbo Eben Li

In this paper, we propose and analyse a family of generalised stochastic composite mirror descent algorithms. With adaptive step sizes, the proposed algorithms converge without requiring prior knowledge of the problem. Combined with an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Weijia Shao , Fikret Sivrikaya , Sahin Albayrak

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) plays a pivotal role in improving the reasoning ability of large language models. However, widely used PPO surrogate objectives are fundamentally local, as they rely on a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Deokgyu Yoon , Hyungkyu Kang , Joongkyu Lee , Byeongchan Kim , Gyungin Shin , Sungrae Park , Min-hwan Oh

This paper revisits the convergence of Stochastic Mirror Descent (SMD) in the contemporary nonconvex optimization setting. Existing results for batch-free nonconvex SMD restrict the choice of the distance generating function (DGF) to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Ilyas Fatkhullin , Niao He

We consider solving high-order semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations of nonconvex polynomial optimization problems (POPs) that often admit degenerate rank-one optimal solutions. Instead of solving the SDP alone, we propose a new…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Heng Yang , Ling Liang , Luca Carlone , Kim-Chuan Toh

Learning in a multi-agent system is challenging because agents are simultaneously learning and the environment is not stationary, undermining convergence guarantees. To address this challenge, this paper presents a new gradient-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Xinliang Song , Tonghan Wang , Chongjie Zhang

Stochastic gradient descent is a canonical tool for addressing stochastic optimization problems, and forms the bedrock of modern machine learning and statistics. In this work, we seek to balance the fact that attenuating step-size is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Zhan Gao , Alec Koppel , Alejandro Ribeiro

Data augmentation policies drastically improve the performance of image recognition tasks, especially when the policies are optimized for the target data and tasks. In this paper, we propose to optimize image recognition models and data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Ryuichiro Hataya , Jan Zdenek , Kazuki Yoshizoe , Hideki Nakayama

Recent policy optimization approaches have achieved substantial empirical success by constructing surrogate optimization objectives. The Approximate Policy Iteration objective (Schulman et al., 2015a; Kakade and Langford, 2002) has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Marcin B. Tomczak , Sergio Valcarcel Macua , Enrique Munoz de Cote , Peter Vrancx

Diffusion policies have achieved great success in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to their strong expressive capacity. However, the inference of diffusion policy models relies on a slow iterative sampling process, which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tianyi Chen , Haitong Ma , Na Li , Kai Wang , Bo Dai

The convergence of deterministic policy gradient under the Hadamard parameterization is studied in the tabular setting and the linear convergence of the algorithm is established. To this end, we first show that the error decreases at an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Jiacai Liu , Jinchi Chen , Ke Wei

Momentum-Aided Prompt Optimization (MAPO) enhances the efficiency and efficacy of prompt optimization for Large Language Models (LLMs). Building on ProTeGi, MAPO uses positive natural language "gradients" and a momentum-based extension to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Anthony Cui , Pranav Nandyalam , Andrew Rufail , Ethan Cheung , Aiden Lei , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

While reinforcement learning (RL) has been central to the recent success of large language models (LLMs), RL optimization is notoriously unstable, especially when compared to supervised fine-tuning (SFT). In this work, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hongzhan Chen , Tao Yang , Yuhua Zhu , Shiping Gao , Xiaojun Quan , Ting Yao

Policy gradient (PG) estimation becomes a challenge when we are not allowed to sample with the target policy but only have access to a dataset generated by some unknown behavior policy. Conventional methods for off-policy PG estimation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Chengzhuo Ni , Ruiqi Zhang , Xiang Ji , Xuezhou Zhang , Mengdi Wang

We present Memory Augmented Policy Optimization (MAPO), a simple and novel way to leverage a memory buffer of promising trajectories to reduce the variance of policy gradient estimate. MAPO is applicable to deterministic environments with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Chen Liang , Mohammad Norouzi , Jonathan Berant , Quoc Le , Ni Lao

We consider the infinite-horizon discounted optimal control problem formalized by Markov Decision Processes. We focus on several approximate variations of the Policy Iteration algorithm: Approximate Policy Iteration, Conservative Policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Bruno Scherrer