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Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lihan Xie , Zhicheng Hui , Qinxiang Cao

Since the early twentieth century, it has been understood that mathematical definitions and proofs can be represented in formal systems systems with precise grammars and rules of use. Building on such foundations, computational proof…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Jeremy Avigad

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

In parallel to the ever-growing usage of mechanized proofs in diverse areas of mathematics and computer science, proof assistants are used more and more for education. This paper surveys previous work related to the use of proof assistants…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Frédéric Tran Minh , Laure Gonnord , Julien Narboux

In order to work with mathematical content in computer systems, it is necessary to represent it in formal languages. Ideally, these are supported by tools that verify the correctness of the content, allow computing with it, and produce…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Cezary Kaliszyk , Florian Rabe

Automatic verification deals with the validation by means of computers of correctness certificates. The related tools, usually called proof assistants or interactive provers, provide an interactive environment for the creation of formal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Andrea Asperti

This work discusses an approach to teach to mathematicians the importance and effectiveness of the application of Interactive Theorem Proving tools in their specific fields of interest. The approach aims to motivate the use of such tools…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Mauricio Ayala-Rincón , Thaynara Arielly de Lima

Real-life conjectures do not come with instructions saying whether they they should be proven or, instead, refuted. Yet, as we now know, in either case the final argument produced had better be not just convincing but actually verifiable in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-21 João Marcos

There are two kinds of systems that programming language researchers use for their work. Semantics engineering tools let them interactively explore their definitions, while proof assistants can be used to check the proofs of their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jan Liam Verter , Tomas Petricek

Verifying software correctness has always been an important and complicated task. Recently, formal proofs of critical properties of algorithms and even implementations are becoming practical. Currently, the most powerful automated proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Michael Raskin , Christoph Welzel

Mechanical reasoning is a key area of research that lies at the crossroads of mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. The main aim to develop mechanical reasoning systems (also known as theorem provers) was to enable mathematicians…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-09 M. Saqib Nawaz , Moin Malik , Yi Li , Meng Sun , M. Ikram Ullah Lali

Automated theorem provers and formal proof assistants are general reasoning systems that are in theory capable of proving arbitrarily hard theorems, thus solving arbitrary problems reducible to mathematics and logical reasoning. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lasse Blaauwbroek , David Cerna , Thibault Gauthier , Jan Jakubův , Cezary Kaliszyk , Martin Suda , Josef Urban

Mathematical theorems are human knowledge able to be accumulated in the form of symbolic representation, and proving theorems has been considered intelligent behavior. Based on the BHK interpretation and the Curry-Howard isomorphism, proof…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Li-An Yang , Jui-Pin Liu , Chao-Hong Chen , Ying-ping Chen

Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different tools are being increasingly used in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Marcus Vinícius Midena Ramos , Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

Proof competence, i.e. the ability to write and check (mathematical) proofs, is an important skill in Computer Science, but for many students it represents a difficult challenge. The main issues are the correct use of formal language and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Nadine Karsten , Frederik Krogsdal Jacobsen , Kim Jana Eiken , Uwe Nestmann , Jørgen Villadsen

An introductory formal languages course exposes advanced undergraduate and early graduate students to automata theory, grammars, constructive proofs, computability, and decidability. Programming students find these topics to be challenging…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Marco T. Morazán , Rosario Antunez

The ever-growing complexity of mathematical proofs makes their manual verification by mathematicians very cognitively demanding. Autoformalization seeks to address this by translating proofs written in natural language into a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Garett Cunningham , Razvan C. Bunescu , David Juedes

A proof is one of the most important concepts of mathematics. However, there is a striking difference between how a proof is defined in theory and how it is used in practice. This puts the unique status of mathematics as exact science into…

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