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Related papers: Moral Persuasion in Large Language Models: Evaluat…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly incorporated into everyday life for many internet users, taking on significant roles as advice givers in the domains of medicine, personal relationships, and even legal matters. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Nicole Smith-Vaniz , Harper Lyon , Lorraine Steigner , Ben Armstrong , Nicholas Mattei

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as agents that interact with users and with the world. To do so successfully, LLMs must construct representations of the world and form probabilistic beliefs about them. To provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Linlu Qiu , Fei Sha , Kelsey Allen , Yoon Kim , Tal Linzen , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in reasoning, planning, and decision-making tasks, making their trustworthiness critical. A significant and underexplored risk is intentional deception, where an LLM deliberately fabricates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhaomin Wu , Mingzhe Du , See-Kiong Ng , Bingsheng He

An ethical dilemma describes a choice between two "right" options involving conflicting moral values. We present a comprehensive evaluation of how LLMs navigate ethical dilemmas. Specifically, we investigate LLMs on their (1) sensitivity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiaqing Yuan , Pradeep K. Murukannaiah , Munindar P. Singh

AI-based systems, including Large Language Models (LLM), impact millions by supporting diverse tasks but face issues like misinformation, bias, and misuse. AI ethics is crucial as new technologies and concerns emerge, but objective,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 José Antonio Siqueira de Cerqueira , Mamia Agbese , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) and autonomous AI agents has raised concerns about their potential for automated persuasion and social influence. While existing research has explored isolated instances of LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mateusz Idziejczak , Vasyl Korzavatykh , Mateusz Stawicki , Andrii Chmutov , Marcin Korcz , Iwo Błądek , Dariusz Brzezinski

Modeling subrational agents, such as humans or economic households, is inherently challenging due to the difficulty in calibrating reinforcement learning models or collecting data that involves human subjects. Existing work highlights the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Andrea Coletta , Kshama Dwarakanath , Penghang Liu , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to support human decision-making. This use of LLMs has concerning implications, especially when their prescriptions affect the welfare of others. To gauge how LLMs make social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Saptarshi Pal , Abhishek Mallela , Christian Hilbe , Lenz Pracher , Chiyu Wei , Feng Fu , Santiago Schnell , Martin A Nowak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Irdin Pekaric , Philipp Zech , Tom Mattson

Large language models (LLMs) are known to produce varying responses depending on prompt phrasing, indicating that subtle guidance in phrasing can steer their answers. However, the impact of this framing bias on LLM-based evaluation, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Minwoo Lee , Kyomin Jung

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where explaining uncertainty is both technical and ethical. Probabilistic methods are often opaque and misaligned with expectations of transparency. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zahra Atf , Peter R Lewis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate user-tailored summaries, adapting outputs to specific stakeholders. In legal contexts, this raises important questions about motivated reasoning -- how models strategically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Eunjung Cho , Alexander Hoyle , Yoan Hermstrüwer

Motivation is a central driver of human behavior, shaping decisions, goals, and task performance. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly aligned with human preferences, we ask whether they exhibit something akin to motivation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Omer Nahum , Asael Sklar , Ariel Goldstein , Roi Reichart

LLMs are increasingly being used in workflows involving generating content to be consumed by humans (e.g., marketing) and also in directly interacting with humans (e.g., through chatbots). The development of such systems that are capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Somesh Singh , Yaman K Singla , Harini SI , Balaji Krishnamurthy

While advances in fairness and alignment have helped mitigate overt biases exhibited by large language models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted, we hypothesize that these models may still exhibit implicit biases when simulating human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado , Sauvik Das

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

The question of how to make decisions that maximise the well-being of all persons is very relevant to design language models that are beneficial to humanity and free from harm. We introduce the Greatest Good Benchmark to evaluate the moral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Giovanni Franco Gabriel Marraffini , Andrés Cotton , Noe Fabian Hsueh , Axel Fridman , Juan Wisznia , Luciano Del Corro

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to provide assistance on a wide range of information-seeking tasks. However, model outputs may be misleading, whether unintentionally or in cases of intentional deception. We investigate the ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Betty Li Hou , Kejian Shi , Jason Phang , James Aung , Steven Adler , Rosie Campbell