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Federated cross-domain recommendation (Federated CDR) aims to collaboratively learn personalized recommendation models across heterogeneous domains while preserving data privacy. Recently, large language model (LLM)-based recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xinrui He , Ting-Wei Li , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Xinyu He , Wenxuan Bao , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 has marked a significant paradigm shift in machine learning. Trained on massive corpora of data, these models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in language understanding,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Shimiao Li , Adedoyin Inaolaji , Filippo Malandra , Luis Herrera , Nicholas Mastronarde

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in adapting to downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Federated Learning (FL) extends this capability by enabling collaborative fine-tuning across distributed clients…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Jiahao Xu

Federated Prototype Learning (FedPL) has emerged as an effective strategy for handling data heterogeneity in Federated Learning (FL). In FedPL, clients collaboratively construct a set of global feature centers (prototypes), and let local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xinghao Wu , Jianwei Niu , Xuefeng Liu , Guogang Zhu , Jiayuan Zhang , Shaojie Tang , Wei Chen

Federated fine-tuning of large language models is commonly formulated as a parameter aggregation problem. However, even parameter-efficient methods require transmitting large collections of trainable weights, assume aligned architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Amr Abourayya , Jens Kleesiek , Michael Kamp

Federated learning is a decentralized training approach that keeps data under stakeholder control while achieving superior performance over isolated training. While inter-institutional feature discrepancies pose a challenge in all federated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Vasilis Siomos , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Giacomo Tarroni

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated their superiority and versatility in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP), effectively adapting to various downstream tasks through further fine-tuning. Federated Parameter-Efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising solution for adapting models to distributed data environments while ensuring data privacy. Existing FedFT methods predominantly utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yujia Huo , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Zhenguo Ma , Shilong Wang , Liusheng Huang

Federated fine-tuning of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) enables task-specific adaptation across diverse datasets while preserving privacy. However, challenges such as high computational and memory demands, heterogeneous client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yang Su , Na Yan , Yansha Deng , Mischa Dohler , Robert Schober

This paper proposes Edge-FIT (Federated Instruction Tuning on the Edge), a scalable framework for Federated Instruction Tuning (FIT) of Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional Federated Learning (TFL) methods, like FedAvg, fail when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Vinay Venkatesh , Vamsidhar R Kamanuru , Lav Kumar , Nikita Kothari

As on-device large language model (LLM) systems become increasingly prevalent, federated fine-tuning enables advanced language understanding and generation directly on edge devices; however, it also involves processing sensitive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honghui Xu , Shiva Shrestha , Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

Federated learning (FL) for large language models (LLMs) offers a privacy-preserving scheme, enabling clients to collaboratively fine-tune locally deployed LLMs or smaller language models (SLMs) without exchanging raw data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinlu Zhang , Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Toktam Mahmoodi

The rapid expansion of IoT ecosystems introduces severe challenges in scalability, security, and real-time decision-making. Traditional centralized architectures struggle with latency, privacy concerns, and excessive resource consumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yazan Otoum , Arghavan Asad , Amiya Nayak

While large language models (LLMs) are empowered with broad knowledge, their task-specific performance is often suboptimal. It necessitates fine-tuning LLMs with task-specific data, but such data may be inaccessible due to privacy concerns.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yongheng Deng , Ziqing Qiao , Ju Ren , Yang Liu , Yaoxue Zhang

Instruction tuning is a crucial step in improving the responsiveness of pretrained large language models (LLMs) to human instructions. Federated learning (FL) helps to exploit the use of vast private instruction data from clients, becoming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Bingsheng He , Shuiguang Deng

Personalized recommendation increasingly relies on private user data, motivating approaches that can adapt to individuals without centralizing their information. We present Federated Targeted Recommendations with Evolving Knowledge graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fernando Spadea , Oshani Seneviratne

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly pivotal in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Access to pre-trained models, courtesy of the open-source community, has made it possible to adapt these models to specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Kai Lv , Shuo Zhang , Tianle Gu , Shuhao Xing , Jiawei Hong , Keyu Chen , Xiaoran Liu , Yuqing Yang , Honglin Guo , Tengxiao Liu , Yu Sun , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, particularly in task generalization for both text and vision data. While fine-tuning these models can significantly enhance their performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Navyansh Mahla , Kshitij Sharad Jadhav , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as federated learning (FL)-based time series foundation models offers a promising way to transfer the generalization capabilities of LLMs to time series data while preserving access to private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Liwei Deng , Qingxiang Liu , Xinhe Niu , Shengchao Chen , Sheng Sun , Yuankai Wu , Guodong Long , Yuxuan Liang

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang