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The Transformer is a highly successful deep learning model that has revolutionised the world of artificial neural networks, first in natural language processing and later in computer vision. This model is based on the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Riccardo Ughi , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

Functional data analysis (FDA) and ensemble learning can be powerful tools for analyzing complex environmental time series. Recent literature has highlighted the key role of diversity in enhancing accuracy and reducing variance in ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-13 Donato Riccio , Fabrizio Maturo , Elvira Romano

Spatio-Temporal (ST) data science, which includes sensing, managing, and mining large-scale data across space and time, is fundamental to understanding complex systems in domains such as urban computing, climate science, and intelligent…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yuxuan Liang , Haomin Wen , Yutong Xia , Ming Jin , Bin Yang , Flora Salim , Qingsong Wen , Shirui Pan , Gao Cong

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) forecasting plays a vital role in a wide range of applications. Recently, Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Networks (STGNNs) have become increasingly popular MTS forecasting methods. STGNNs jointly model the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Zezhi Shao , Zhao Zhang , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu

Model interpretability is a requirement in many applications in which crucial decisions are made by users relying on a model's outputs. The recent movement for "algorithmic fairness" also stipulates explainability, and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Xuan Liu , Xiaoguang Wang , Stan Matwin

Machine learning techniques using neural networks have achieved promising success for time-series data classification. However, the models that they produce are challenging to verify and interpret. In this paper, we propose an explainable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Decision trees are popular in survival analysis for their interpretability and ability to model complex relationships. Survival trees, which predict the timing of singular events using censored historical data, are typically built through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Antonio Consolo , Edoardo Amaldi , Emilio Carrizosa

The performance of transformers for time-series forecasting has improved significantly. Recent architectures learn complex temporal patterns by segmenting a time-series into patches and using the patches as tokens. The patch size controls…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yitian Zhang , Liheng Ma , Soumyasundar Pal , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is widely used for analyzing non-stationary signals. However, its performance is highly sensitive to its parameters, and manual or heuristic tuning often yields suboptimal results. To overcome this…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Sylvain Meignen , Laurent Massoulié

Deep learning based transient stability assessment (TSA) has achieved great success, yet the lack of interpretability hinders its industrial application. Although a great number of studies have tried to explore the interpretability of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Hanxuan Wang , Na Lu , Zixuan Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Jun Liu

Tree-structured neural networks exploit valuable syntactic parse information as they interpret the meanings of sentences. However, they suffer from two key technical problems that make them slow and unwieldy for large-scale NLP tasks: they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Samuel R. Bowman , Jon Gauthier , Abhinav Rastogi , Raghav Gupta , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

Rapid progress in machine learning and deep learning has enabled a wide range of applications in the electricity load forecasting of power systems, for instance, univariate and multivariate short-term load forecasting. Though the strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuqi Jiang , Yan Li , Yize Chen

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

Prototype-based methods use interpretable representations to address the black-box nature of deep learning models, in contrast to post-hoc explanation methods that only approximate such models. We propose the Neural Prototype Tree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Meike Nauta , Ron van Bree , Christin Seifert

Spatiotemporal (ST) data collected by sensors can be represented as multi-variate time series, which is a sequence of data points listed in an order of time. Despite the vast amount of useful information, the ST data usually suffer from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Li Jiang , Ting Zhang , Qiruyi Zuo , Chenyu Tian , George P. Chan , Wai Kin , Chan

With the advent of highly predictive but opaque deep learning models, it has become more important than ever to understand and explain the predictions of such models. Existing approaches define interpretability as the inverse of complexity…

Interpreting complex time series forecasting models is challenging due to the temporal dependencies between time steps and the dynamic relevance of input features over time. Existing interpretation methods are limited by focusing mostly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md. Khairul Islam , Judy Fox

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Deep learning model (primarily convolutional networks and LSTM) for time series classification has been studied broadly by the community with the wide applications in different domains like healthcare, finance, industrial engineering and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Minghao Liu , Shengqi Ren , Siyuan Ma , Jiahui Jiao , Yizhou Chen , Zhiguang Wang , Wei Song

As computer vision continues to advance and finds widespread applications across various domains, the need for interpretability in deep learning models becomes paramount. Existing methods often resort to post-hoc techniques or prototypes to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Danning Lao , Qi Liu , Jiazi Bu , Junchi Yan , Wei Shen