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A 2-server Private Information Retrieval (PIR) scheme allows a user to retrieve the $i$th bit of an $n$-bit database replicated among two servers (which do not communicate) while not revealing any information about $i$ to either server. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Zeev Dvir , Sivakanth Gopi

Private information retrieval (PIR) protocols allow a user to retrieve entries of a database without revealing the index of the desired item. Information-theoretical privacy can be achieved by the use of several servers and specific…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Julien Lavauzelle

This paper presents private information retrieval (PIR) schemes for coded storage with colluding servers, which are not restricted to maximum distance separable (MDS) codes. PIR schemes for general linear codes are constructed and the…

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) is a fundamental problem in the broader fields of security and privacy. In recent years, the problem has garnered significant attention from the research community, leading to achievability schemes and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ningze Wang , Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Alex Sprintson

Given a database, the private information retrieval (PIR) protocol allows a user to make queries to several servers and retrieve a certain item of the database via the feedbacks, without revealing the privacy of the specific item to any…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Yiwei Zhang , Xin Wang , Hengjia Wei , Gennian Ge

Suppose a database containing $M$ records is replicated across $N$ servers, and a user wants to privately retrieve one record by accessing the servers such that identity of the retrieved record is secret against any up to $T$ servers. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Jingke Xu , Zhifang Zhang

This paper presents new solutions for Private Information Retrieval (PIR) with side information. This problem is motivated by PIR settings in which a client has side information about the data held by the servers and would like to leverage…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ningze Wang , Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Alex Sprintson

It was recently shown by Fazeli et al. that the storage overhead of a traditional $t$-server private information retrieval (PIR) protocol can be significantly reduced using the concept of a $t$-server PIR code. In this work, we show that a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes

A private information retrieval (PIR) scheme allows a client to retrieve a data item $x_i$ among $n$ items $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ from $k$ servers, without revealing what $i$ is even when $t < k$ servers collude and try to learn $i$. Such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Quang Cao , Hong Yen Tran , Son Hoang Dau , Xun Yi , Emanuele Viterbo , Chen Feng , Yu-Chih Huang , Jingge Zhu , Stanislav Kruglik , Han Mao Kiah

The problem of $T$-colluding private information retrieval (PIR) enables the user to retrieve one out of $M$ files from a distributed storage system with $N$ servers without revealing anything about the index of the desired file to any…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jinbao Zhu , Xiaohu Tang

Authenticated private information retrieval (APIR) is the state-of-the-art error-detecting private information retrieval (ED-PIR), using Distributed Point Functions (DPFs) for subpolynomial complexity and privacy. However, its finite field…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Pengzhen Ke , Liang Feng Zhang , Huaxiong Wang , Li-Ping Wang

Private information retrieval (PIR) is a cryptographic primitive that allows a client to securely query one or multiple servers without revealing their specific interests. In spite of their strong security guarantees, current PIR…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mpoki Mwaisela , Peterson Yuhala , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that enables users to retrieve data from a database without revealing which item is being accessed, thereby preserving query privacy. However, PIR protocols also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lin Zhu , Lingwei Kong , Xin Ning , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) schemes allow clients to retrieve files from a database without disclosing the requested file's identity to the server. In the pursuit of post-quantum security, most recent PIR schemes rely on hard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Svenja Lage , Hannes Bartz

This paper revisits the problems of Private Information Retrieval (PIR) and Symmetric PIR (SPIR). In PIR, a user retrieves a desired message from $N$ replicated, non-communicating databases, each storing the same $M$ messages, while…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Or Elimelech , Asaf Cohen

Private information retrieval (PIR) is the problem of privately retrieving one out of $M$ original files from $N$ severs, i.e., each individual server learns nothing about the file that the user is requesting. Usually, the $M$ files are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Jie Li , David Karpuk , Camilla Hollanti

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) allows a client to retrieve an entry $\text{DB}[i]$ from a public database $\text{DB}$ held by one or more servers, without revealing the queried index $i$. Traditional PIR schemes achieve sublinear…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Elian Morel

In this paper we study a basic and natural question about Fourier analysis of Boolean functions, which has applications to the study of Matching Vector based Private Information Retrieval (PIR) schemes. For integers m and r, define a delta…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Fatemeh Ghasemi , Swastik Kopparty

Private Information Retrieval (PIR), despite being well studied, is computationally costly and arduous to scale. We explore lower-cost relaxations of information-theoretic PIR, based on dummy queries, sparse vectors, and compositions with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Raphael R. Toledo , George Danezis , Ian Goldberg

We investigate the problem of semantic private information retrieval (semantic PIR). In semantic PIR, a user retrieves a message out of $K$ independent messages stored in $N$ replicated and non-colluding databases without revealing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sajani Vithana , Karim Banawan , Sennur Ulukus
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