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Requirements engineering (RE) activities for machine learning (ML) are not well-established and researched in the literature. Many issues and challenges exist when specifying, designing, and developing ML-enabled systems. Adding more focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Hugo Villamizar , Marcos Kalinowski , Helio lopes

Knowledge engineering is a discipline that focuses on the creation and maintenance of processes that generate and apply knowledge. Traditionally, knowledge engineering approaches have focused on knowledge expressed in formal languages. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Bradley P. Allen , Lise Stork , Paul Groth

Engineering safety-critical systems such as medical devices and digital health intervention systems is complex, where long-term engagement with subject-matter experts (SMEs) is needed to capture the systems' expected behaviour. In this…

System testing is essential in any software development project to ensure that the final products meet the requirements. Creating comprehensive test cases for system testing from requirements is often challenging and time-consuming. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shreya Bhatia , Tarushi Gandhi , Dhruv Kumar , Pankaj Jalote

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) can assist developing program code beside many other things, but can they support working with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) as well? Which LLM is offering the best capabilities in the field of Semantic Web and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lars-Peter Meyer , Johannes Frey , Desiree Heim , Felix Brei , Claus Stadler , Kurt Junghanns , Michael Martin

In practice, requirements specification remains a critical challenge. The knowledge necessary to generate a specification can often be fragmented across diverse sources (e.g., meeting minutes, emails, and high-level product descriptions),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Liliana Pasquale , Azzurra Ragone , Emanuele Piemontese , Armin Amiri Darban

This research addresses the time-consuming and error-prone nature of manual code compliance checking in Building Information Modeling (BIM) by introducing a Large Language Model (LLM)-driven approach to semi-automate this critical process.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Soumya Madireddy , Lu Gao , Zia Din , Kinam Kim , Ahmed Senouci , Zhe Han , Yunpeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to automate programming tasks. Yet, LLMs' capabilities in reasoning about program semantics are still inadequately studied, leaving significant potential for further exploration. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray

Often during the requirements engineering (RE) process, the value of a requirement is assessed, e.g., in requirement prioritisation, release planning, and trade-off analysis. In order to support these activities, this research evaluates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-06-17 Richard Ellis-Braithwaite

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their superior performance in many knowledge-driven applications on the world wide web.These models are designed to train hundreds of millions or more parameters on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Bingchen Liu , Yuanyuan Fang , Naixing Xu , Shihao Hou , Xin Li , Qian Li

The requirements engineering (RE) phase is pivotal in developing high-quality software. Integrating advanced modelling techniques with large language models (LLMs) and formal verification in a logical style can significantly enhance this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Radoslaw Klimek

The activities of requirements engineering and software testing are intrinsically related to each other, as these two areas are linked when seeking to specify and also ensure the expectations of a software product, with quality and on time.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Thalia S. Santana , Taciana N. Kudo , Renato F. Bulcão-Neto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software engineering, but their application to physical engineering domains remains underexplored. This paper evaluates LLMs' capabilities in high-powered rocketry design through RocketBench, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Toby Simonds

We introduce a novel framework for evaluating the alignment between natural language plans and their expected behavior by converting them into Kripke structures and Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) using Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Keshav Ramani , Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir , Daniel Borrajo

Formal verification provides the highest assurance of software correctness and security, but its application to large-scale, evolving systems remains a major challenge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuwei Liu , Xinyi Wan , Yanhao Wang , Minghua Wang , Lin Huang , Tao Wei

Despite many advances in knowledge engineering (KE), challenges remain in areas such as engineering knowledge graphs (KGs) at scale, keeping up with evolving domain knowledge, multilingualism, and multimodality. Recently, KE has used LLMs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Elisavet Koutsiana , Johanna Walker , Michelle Nwachukwu , Bohui Zhang , Albert Meroño-Peñuela , Elena Simperl

Automating code review with Large Language Models (LLMs) shows immense promise, yet practical adoption is hampered by their lack of reliability, context-awareness, and control. To address this, we propose Specification-Grounded Code Review…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kai Wang , Bingcheng Mao , Shuai Jia , Yujie Ding , Dongming Han , Tianyi Ma , Bin Cao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on function-level code generation benchmarks, yet real-world software development increasingly demands class-level implementations that integrate multiple methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Musfiqur Rahman , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Problem-solving has been a fundamental driver of human progress in numerous domains. With advancements in artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of tackling complex problems across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Zheng , Lun Du , Junwei Su , Yuchen Tian , Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Lanning Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as knowledge bases (KBs), yet current evaluation methods focus too narrowly on knowledge retention, overlooking other crucial criteria for reliable performance. In this work, we rethink…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Danna Zheng , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan