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The measurement tasks involved in evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems lack sufficient scientific rigor, leading to what has been described as "a tangle of sloppy tests [and] apples-to-oranges comparisons" (Roose, 2024). In this…

The valid measurement of generative AI (GenAI) systems' capabilities, risks, and impacts forms the bedrock of our ability to evaluate these systems. We introduce a shared standard for valid measurement that helps place many of the…

In measurement theory, instruments do not simply record reality; they help constitute what is observed. The same holds for generative AI evaluation: benchmarks do not just measure, they shape what models appear to be. Functionalist…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rebecca L. Johnson

Disparities in the societal harms and impacts of Generative AI (GenAI) systems highlight the critical need for effective unfairness measurement approaches. While numerous benchmarks exist, designing valid measurements requires proper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kimberly Le Truong , Annette Zimmermann , Hoda Heidari

Generative AI (GenAI) models have become vital across industries, yet current evaluation methods have not adapted to their widespread use. Traditional evaluations often rely on benchmarks and fixed datasets, frequently failing to reflect…

There is an increasing imperative to anticipate and understand the performance and safety of generative AI systems in real-world deployment contexts. However, the current evaluation ecosystem is insufficient: Commonly used static benchmarks…

Generative AI systems produce a range of risks. To ensure the safety of generative AI systems, these risks must be evaluated. In this paper, we make two main contributions toward establishing such evaluations. First, we propose a…

There are few principles or guidelines to ensure evaluations of generative AI (GenAI) models and systems are effective. To help address this gap, we propose a set of general dimensions that capture critical choices involved in GenAI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-20 P. Alex Dow , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , Solon Barocas , Chad Atalla , Alexandra Chouldechova , Hanna Wallach

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) systems represent a critical technology with far-reaching implications across multiple domains of society. However, their deployment entails a range of risks and challenges that require careful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jorge Machado

Software Testing is a well-established area in software engineering, encompassing various techniques and methodologies to ensure the quality and reliability of software systems. However, with the advent of generative artificial intelligence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Aldeida Aleti

Generative AI systems are increasingly recognized as cultural technologies, yet current evaluation frameworks often treat culture as a variable to be measured rather than fundamental to the system's operation. Drawing on hermeneutic theory…

Generative AI systems across modalities, ranging from text (including code), image, audio, and video, have broad social impacts, but there is no official standard for means of evaluating those impacts or for which impacts should be…

Evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems is challenging because many targets of evaluation are broad, contested concepts, such as "reasoning," "fairness," or "creativity." When these concepts are left underspecified, it becomes unclear what…

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly reshaping higher education, yet barriers to its adoption across different disciplines and institutional roles remain underexplored. Existing literature frequently attributes adoption…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianhua Yang , Kerem Öge , Adrian von Mühlenen , Abdullah Bilal Akbulut , Tanya Suzanne Carey , Chidi Okorro

As organizations grapple with the rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI), this study synthesizes the state of knowledge through a systematic literature review of secondary studies and research agendas. Analyzing 28 papers published since…

Despite growing concerns about the risks of Generative AI (GenAI), there is limited understanding of public perceptions of these risks and their associated failure modes -- defined as recurring patterns of sociotechnical breakdown across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Megan Li , Wendy Bickersteth , Ningjing Tang , Parv Kapoor , Khinezin Win , Peter Zhong , Jason I. Hong , Lorrie Faith Cranor , Hoda Heidari , Hong Shen

Generative AI (GenAI) systems are inherently non-deterministic, producing varied outputs even for identical inputs. While this variability is central to their appeal, it challenges established HCI evaluation practices that typically assume…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Hyerim Park , Khanh Huynh , Malin Eiband , Jeremy Dillmann , Sven Mayer , Michael Sedlmair

The aim of this paper is to review the use of GenAI in scientometrics, and to begin a debate on the broader implications for the field. First, we provide an introduction on GenAI's generative and probabilistic nature as rooted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Benedetto Lepori , Jens Peter Andersen , Karsten Donnay

Generative AI (GenAI) has revolutionized content generation, offering transformative capabilities for improving language coherence, readability, and overall quality. This manuscript explores the application of qualitative, quantitative, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Saman Sarraf

Contributions: An adoption framework to include GenAI in the university curriculum. It identifies and highlights the role of different stakeholders (university management, students, staff, etc.) during the adoption process. It also proposes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Samar Shailendra , Rajan Kadel , Aakanksha Sharma
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