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Masked image modeling has been demonstrated as a powerful pretext task for generating robust representations that can be effectively generalized across multiple downstream tasks. Typically, this approach involves randomly masking patches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Neelu Madan , Nicolae-Catalin Ristea , Kamal Nasrollahi , Thomas B. Moeslund , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Understanding whether self-supervised learning methods can scale with unlimited data is crucial for training large-scale models. In this work, we conduct an empirical study on the scaling capability of masked image modeling (MIM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Cheng-Ze Lu , Xiaojie Jin , Qibin Hou , Jun Hao Liew , Ming-Ming Cheng , Jiashi Feng

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) is a new self-supervised vision pre-training paradigm using a Vision Transformer (ViT). Previous works can be pixel-based or token-based, using original pixels or discrete visual tokens from parametric tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xin Yan , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

Inspired by the masked language modeling (MLM) in natural language processing tasks, the masked image modeling (MIM) has been recognized as a strong self-supervised pre-training method in computer vision. However, the high random mask ratio…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhaowen Li , Yousong Zhu , Zhiyang Chen , Wei Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Rui Zhao , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

We propose Curriculum by Masking (CBM), a novel state-of-the-art curriculum learning strategy that effectively creates an easy-to-hard training schedule via patch (token) masking, offering significant accuracy improvements over the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Andrei Jarca , Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has emerged as a promising approach for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) of visual representations. However, the out-of-the-box performance of MIMs is typically inferior to competing approaches. Most users cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Marcin Przewięźlikowski , Randall Balestriero , Wojciech Jasiński , Marek Śmieja , Bartosz Zieliński

Recently, Masked Image Modeling (MIM) achieves great success in self-supervised visual recognition. However, as a reconstruction-based framework, it is still an open question to understand how MIM works, since MIM appears very different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xiangwen Kong , Xiangyu Zhang

Learning robust and scalable visual representations from massive multi-view video data remains a challenge in computer vision and autonomous driving. Existing pre-training methods either rely on expensive supervised learning with 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Jialv Zou , Bencheng Liao , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Masked image modeling (MIM) has emerged as a promising approach for pre-training Vision Transformers (ViTs). MIMs predict masked tokens token-wise to recover target signals that are tokenized from images or generated by pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Taekyung Kim , Byeongho Heo , Dongyoon Han

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) offers a promising approach to self-supervised representation learning, however existing MIM models still lag behind the state-of-the-art. In this paper, we systematically analyze target representations, loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Timothée Darcet , Federico Baldassarre , Maxime Oquab , Julien Mairal , Piotr Bojanowski

Masked image modeling, an emerging self-supervised pre-training method, has shown impressive success across numerous downstream vision tasks with Vision transformers. Its underlying idea is simple: a portion of the input image is masked out…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Siyuan Li , Di Wu , Fang Wu , Zelin Zang , Stan. Z. Li

As the deep learning revolution marches on, self-supervised learning has garnered increasing attention in recent years thanks to its remarkable representation learning ability and the low dependence on labeled data. Among these varied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Siyuan Li , Luyuan Zhang , Zedong Wang , Di Wu , Lirong Wu , Zicheng Liu , Jun Xia , Cheng Tan , Yang Liu , Baigui Sun , Stan Z. Li

Transformers and masked language modeling are quickly being adopted and explored in computer vision as vision transformers and masked image modeling (MIM). In this work, we argue that image token masking differs from token masking in text,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Spyros Gidaris , Bill Psomas , Yannis Avrithis , Andrei Bursuc , Konstantinos Karantzalos , Nikos Komodakis

Deep supervision, which involves extra supervisions to the intermediate features of a neural network, was widely used in image classification in the early deep learning era since it significantly reduces the training difficulty and eases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sucheng Ren , Fangyun Wei , Samuel Albanie , Zheng Zhang , Han Hu

In view of the fact that semi- and self-supervised learning share a fundamental principle, effectively modeling knowledge from unlabeled data, various semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods have integrated representative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yangyang Li , Xuanting Hao , Ronghua Shang , Licheng Jiao

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) have been prevailing paradigms for large-scale vision representation pre-training. By reconstructing masked image patches from a small portion of visible image regions, MAE forces the model to infer semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Hongwei Xue , Peng Gao , Hongyang Li , Yu Qiao , Hao Sun , Houqiang Li , Jiebo Luo

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has achieved significant success in the realm of self-supervised learning (SSL) for visual recognition. The image encoder pre-trained through MIM, involving the masking and subsequent reconstruction of input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Zheng Li , Xinlei He , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) techniques have redefined the landscape of computer vision, enabling pre-trained models to achieve exceptional performance across a broad spectrum of tasks. Despite their success, the full potential of MIM-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Sumin Son , Hyesong Choi , Dongbo Min

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has recently been established as a potent pre-training paradigm. A pretext task is constructed by masking patches in an input image, and this masked content is then predicted by a neural network using visible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Philippe Weinzaepfel , Vincent Leroy , Thomas Lucas , Romain Brégier , Yohann Cabon , Vaibhav Arora , Leonid Antsfeld , Boris Chidlovskii , Gabriela Csurka , Jérôme Revaud

Recent masked image modeling (MIM) has received much attention in self-supervised learning (SSL), which requires the target model to recover the masked part of the input image. Although MIM-based pre-training methods achieve new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Qiang Zhou , Chaohui Yu , Hao Luo , Zhibin Wang , Hao Li