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In this work, we make the first attempt to evaluate LLMs in a more challenging code generation scenario, i.e. class-level code generation. We first manually construct the first class-level code generation benchmark ClassEval of 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Hanlin Wang , Junwei Liu , Yixuan Chen , Jiayi Feng , Chaofeng Sha , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have established pre-dominance in automated code generation, they are not devoid of shortcomings. The pertinent issues primarily relate to the absence of execution guarantees for generated code, a lack…

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment. These models necessitate considerable computing resources, which can be costly and frequently unavailable.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Xiliang Zhu , Elena Khasanova , Cheng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for software development tasks such as code completion, translation, and optimization. However, their ability to generate efficient and correct code, particularly in complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bowen Cui , Tejas Ramesh , Oscar Hernandez , Keren Zhou

Code Large Language Models (CLLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in program synthesis, attracting the focus of the research community. The evaluation of CLLM's program synthesis capability has generally relied on manually curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Longtian Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaofei Xie , Yuhan Zhi , Jian Wang , Chao Shen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) are propelling us toward artificial general intelligence with their remarkable emergent abilities and reasoning capabilities. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ruihao Gong , Yang Yong , Shiqiao Gu , Yushi Huang , Chengtao Lv , Yunchen Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Code reasoning tasks are increasingly crucial to evaluating large language models (LLMs). Yet most existing benchmarks rely on simplistic, LLM-generated snippets or human-written solutions to code challenges and often restrict inputs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Changshu Liu

As software projects progress, quality of code assumes paramount importance as it affects reliability, maintainability and security of software. For this reason, static analysis tools are used in developer workflows to flag code quality…

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Sravani Gunnu , Shanmukha Guttula , Hima Patel

While large language models have achieved remarkable performance on various code generation benchmarks, there have been growing concerns regarding potential contamination of these benchmarks as they may be leaked into pretraining and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Martin Riddell , Ansong Ni , Arman Cohan

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks, but their massive sizes hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. To reduce their computational and memory burden, various compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham , Cuong Nguyen , Trung le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Refactoring is a software engineering practice that aims to improve code quality without altering program behavior. Although automated refactoring tools have been extensively studied, their practical applicability remains limited. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Alessandro Midolo , Emiliano Tramontana , Massimiliano Di Penta

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

This study presents a quantitative evaluation of the code quality and security of five prominent Large Language Models (LLMs): Claude Sonnet 4, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, GPT-4o, Llama 3.2 90B, and OpenCoder 8B. While prior research has assessed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Abbas Sabra , Olivier Schmitt , Joseph Tyler

Recent development of large language models (LLMs) for code like CodeX and CodeT5+ demonstrates tremendous promise in achieving code intelligence. Their ability of synthesizing code that completes a program for performing a pre-defined task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Weimin Xiong , Yiwen Guo , Hao Chen

Quantized Large Language Models (LLMs) are used more often in qualitative analysis because they run fast and need fewer computing resources. This study examines how different lower bits quantization levels (8-bit, 4-bit, 3-bit, and 2-bit)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Adeyemi Adeseye
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