Related papers: Social Learning in Lung Transplant Decision

Given AI's growing role in modeling and improving decision-making, how and when to present users with feedback is an urgent topic to address. We empirically examined the effect of feedback from false AI on moral decision-making about donor…

When users can benefit from certain predictive outcomes, they may be prone to act to achieve those outcome, e.g., by strategically modifying their features. The goal in strategic classification is therefore to train predictive models that…

Kidney transplantation can significantly enhance living standards for people suffering from end-stage renal disease. A significant factor that affects graft survival time (the time until the transplant fails and the patient requires another…

The management of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the regulation of sedation and analgesia during ventilation, constitutes a major part of the care of patients admitted to intensive care units. Both prolonged dependence on mechanical…

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units and costs hospitals billions annually. Treating a septic patient is highly challenging, because individual patients respond very differently to medical interventions and there…

Correlated outcomes are common in many practical problems. In some settings, one outcome is of particular interest, and others are auxiliary. To leverage information shared by all the outcomes, traditional multi-task learning (MTL)…

Predictive models are omnipresent in automated and assisted decision making scenarios. But for the most part they are used as black boxes which output a prediction without understanding partially or even completely how different features…

We show that social learning is not useful in a model of team binary decision making by voting, where each vote carries equal weight. Specifically, we consider Bayesian binary hypothesis testing where agents have any…

Reinforcement learning typically assumes that the state update from the previous actions happens instantaneously, and thus can be used for making future decisions. However, this may not always be true. When the state update is not…

Random allocation models used in clinical trials aid researchers in determining which of a particular treatment provides the best results by reducing bias between groups. Often however, this determination leaves researchers battling ethical…

Human decision making is well known to be imperfect and the ability to analyse such processes individually is crucial when attempting to aid or improve a decision-maker's ability to perform a task, e.g. to alert them to potential biases or…

In applications where the study data are collected within cluster units (e.g., patients within transplant centers), it is often of interest to estimate and perform inference on the treatment effects of the cluster units. However, it is…

Does machine learning and AI ensure that social biases thrive ? This paper aims to analyse this issue. Indeed, as algorithms are informed by data, if these are corrupted, from a social bias perspective, good machine learning algorithms…

Consequential decision-making typically incentivizes individuals to behave strategically, tailoring their behavior to the specifics of the decision rule. A long line of work has therefore sought to counteract strategic behavior by designing…

How do learners acquire knowledge of what is unacceptable without negative evidence? Construction Grammar proposes statistical preemption: exposure to a conventional form (e.g., "donated the books to the library") preempts structurally…

This paper considers a problem of distributed hypothesis testing and social learning. Individual nodes in a network receive noisy local (private) observations whose distribution is parameterized by a discrete parameter (hypotheses). The…

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and its treatment is very expensive. Sepsis treatment is also very challenging because there is no consensus on what interventions work best and different patients respond very differently to the same…

Tacrolimus is one of the cornerstone immunosuppressive drugs in most transplantation centers worldwide following solid organ transplantation. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus is necessary in order to avoid rejection of the…

Students' decisions on whether to take a class are strongly affected by whether their friends plan to take the class with them. A student may prefer to be assigned to a course they likes less, just to be with their friends, rather than…

Large audio-language models (LALMs) are often used in tasks that involve reasoning over ordered options. An open question is whether their predictions are influenced by the order of answer choices, which would indicate a form of position…