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Related papers: Hateful Meme Detection through Context-Sensitive P…

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In recent times, the detection of hate-speech, offensive, or abusive language in online media has become an important topic in NLP research due to the exponential growth of social media and the propagation of such messages, as well as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Andrei Paraschiv , Mihai Dascalu , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel

Recent studies have proposed models that yielded promising performance for the hateful meme classification task. Nevertheless, these proposed models do not generate interpretable explanations that uncover the underlying meaning and support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ming Shan Hee , Wen-Haw Chong , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Memes act as cryptic tools for sharing sensitive ideas, often requiring contextual knowledge to interpret. This makes moderating multimodal memes challenging, as existing works either lack high-quality datasets on nuanced hate categories or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Palash Nandi , Shivam Sharma , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Warning: This paper contains examples of the language that some people may find offensive. Detecting and reducing hateful, abusive, offensive comments is a critical and challenging task on social media. Moreover, few studies aim to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Neeraj Kumar Singh , Koyel Ghosh , Joy Mahapatra , Utpal Garain , Apurbalal Senapati

We present a holistic approach to building a robust and useful natural language classification system for real-world content moderation. The success of such a system relies on a chain of carefully designed and executed steps, including the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Todor Markov , Chong Zhang , Sandhini Agarwal , Tyna Eloundou , Teddy Lee , Steven Adler , Angela Jiang , Lilian Weng

Existing self-supervised learning strategies are constrained to either a limited set of objectives or generic downstream tasks that predominantly target uni-modal applications. This has isolated progress for imperative multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Shivam Sharma , Mohd Khizir Siddiqui , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Internet memes are powerful tools for communication, capable of spreading political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. However, they can be harmful and can be used to disseminate hate toward targeted individuals or groups. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Breiteneder , Mohammad Belal , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Shahed Masoudian , Usman Naseem , Kulshrestha Juhi , Markus Schedl , Shah Nawaz

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

In today's digital world, social media plays a significant role in facilitating communication and content sharing. However, the exponential rise in user-generated content has led to challenges in maintaining a respectful online environment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mohammad Dehghani

Reducing hateful and offensive content in online social media pose a dual problem for the moderators. On the one hand, rigid censorship on social media cannot be imposed. On the other, the free flow of such content cannot be allowed. Hence,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Memes are a powerful tool for communication over social media. Their affinity for evolving across politics, history, and sociocultural phenomena makes them an ideal communication vehicle. To comprehend the subtle message conveyed within a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Shivam Sharma , Ramaneswaran S , Udit Arora , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Due to the broad range of social media platforms, the requirements of abusive language detection systems are varied and ever-changing. Already a large set of annotated corpora with different properties and label sets were created, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Viktor Hangya , Alexander Fraser

The proliferation of harmful online content--e.g., toxicity, spam, and negative sentiment--demands robust and adaptable moderation systems. However, prevailing moderation systems are centralized and task-specific, offering limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Rufan Zhang , Lin Zhang , Xianghang Mi

The proliferation of harmful memes on online media poses significant risks to public health and stability. Existing detection methods heavily rely on large-scale labeled data for training, which necessitates substantial manual annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jian Lang , Rongpei Hong , Ting Zhong , Leiting Chen , Qiang Gao , Fan Zhou

Memes convey meaning through the interaction of visual and textual signals, often combining humor, irony, and offense in subtle ways. Detecting harmful or sensitive content in memes requires accurate modeling of these multimodal cues.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Qiyuan Jin

Hateful and offensive content detection has been extensively explored in a single modality such as text. However, such toxic information could also be communicated via multimodal content such as online memes. Therefore, detecting multimodal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Rui Cao , Ziqing Fan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Wen-Haw Chong , Jing Jiang

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun

With the rapid rise of social media and Internet culture, memes have become a popular medium for expressing emotional tendencies. This has sparked growing interest in Meme Emotion Understanding (MEU), which aims to classify the emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

Hate speech in social media is a growing phenomenon, and detecting such toxic content has recently gained significant traction in the research community. Existing studies have explored fine-tuning language models (LMs) to perform hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Md Rabiul Awal , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Eshaan Tanwar , Tanmay Garg , Tanmoy Chakraborty