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Optical computing systems provide an alternate hardware model which appears to be aligned with the demands of neural network workloads. However, the challenge of implementing energy efficient nonlinearities in optics -- a key requirement…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-04 N. Richardson , C. Bosch , R. P. Adams

Many developments in science and engineering depend on tackling complex optimizations on large scales. The challenge motivates intense search for specific computing hardware that takes advantage from quantum features, nonlinear dynamics, or…

Optical flow provides information on relative motion that is an important component in many computer vision pipelines. Neural networks provide high accuracy optical flow, yet their complexity is often prohibitive for application at the edge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Yannick Schnider , Stanislaw Wozniak , Mathias Gehrig , Jules Lecomte , Axel von Arnim , Luca Benini , Davide Scaramuzza , Angeliki Pantazi

There has been substantial interest in miniaturizing optical systems by flat optics. However, one essential optical component, free space, fundamentally cannot be substituted with conventional local flat optics with space-dependent transfer…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-11 Cheng Guo , Haiwen Wang , Shanhui Fan

Today's heavy machine learning tasks are fueled by large datasets. Computing is performed with power hungry processors whose performance is ultimately limited by the data transfer to and from memory. Optics is one of the powerful means of…

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, coupled with the slowing of Moore's law, is straining computing infrastructure, as CMOS electronics face inherent limits in bandwidth, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Integrated photonic…

We report the first steps in creating an optical computing system. This system may solve NP-Hard problems by utilizing a setup of exponential sized masks. This is exponential space complexity but the production of those masks is done with a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Eyal Cohen , Shlomi Dolev , Sergey Frenkel , Boris Kryzhanovsky , Alexandr Palagushkin , Michael Rosenblit , Victor Zakharov

Nonlinear computation is essential for various information processing tasks. Optical implementations are attractive because passive light propagation can manipulate high-dimensional signals with extreme throughput and parallelism; yet…

The increasing complexity of neural networks and the energy consumption associated with training and inference create a need for alternative neuromorphic approaches, e.g. using optics. Current proposals and implementations rely on physical…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-31 Clara C. Wanjura , Florian Marquardt

Neuromorphic Computing promises orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency compared to traditional von Neumann computing paradigm. The goal is to develop an adaptive, fault-tolerant, low-footprint, fast, low-energy intelligent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Sakib Hasan , Catherine D. Schuman , Zhongyang Zhang , Tauhidur Rahman , Garrett S. Rose

In the dynamic landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), two notable phenomena are becoming predominant: the exponential growth of large AI model sizes and the explosion of massive amount of data. Meanwhile, scientific research such as…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-21 Renjie Li , Yuanhao Gong , Hai Huang , Yuze Zhou , Sixuan Mao , Zhijian Wei , Zhaoyu Zhang

Stochastic computing (SC) allows reducing hardware complexity and improving energy efficiency of error resilient applications. However, a main limitation of the computing paradigm is the low throughput induced by the intrinsic serial…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-28 Hassnaa El-Derhalli , Sébastien Le Beux , Sofiene Tahar

Neuromorphic computing takes inspiration from the brain to create energy efficient hardware for information processing, capable of highly sophisticated tasks. In this article, we make the case that building this new hardware necessitates…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Danijela Markovic , Alice Mizrahi , Damien Querlioz , Julie Grollier

Neural network models are widely used in solving many challenging problems, such as computer vision, personalized recommendation, and natural language processing. Those models are very computationally intensive and reach the hardware limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Fei Sun , Minghai Qin , Tianyun Zhang , Liu Liu , Yen-Kuang Chen , Yuan Xie

Rapidly growing demands for high-performance computing, powerful data processing systems, and big data necessitate the advent of novel optical devices to perform demanding computing processes effectively. Due to its unprecedented growth in…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-16 Sajjad Abdollahramezani , Omid Hemmatyar , Ali Adibi

The enormous energy demand of artificial intelligence is driving the development of alternative hardware for deep learning. Physical neural networks try to exploit physical systems to perform machine learning more efficiently. In…

The ever-increasing demand for processing data with larger machine learning models requires more efficient hardware solutions due to limitations such as power dissipation and scalability. Optics is a promising contender for providing lower…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Ilker Oguz , Jih-Liang Hsieh , Niyazi Ulas Dinc , Uğur Teğin , Mustafa Yildirim , Carlo Gigli , Christophe Moser , Demetri Psaltis

Programmable optical neural networks (ONNs) can offer high-throughput and energy-efficient solutions for accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) computing. However, existing ONN architectures, typically based on cascaded unitary…

Neuromorphic computing seeks to replicate the remarkable efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability of the human brain in artificial systems. Unlike conventional digital approaches, which suffer from the Von Neumann bottleneck and depend on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marcel van Gerven

Finding better solutions to combinatorial optimization problems could have a large positive impact on many real-world application areas, such as logistics. For this reason, significant efforts have been made to design novel optimisation…