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We consider a mixed-traffic environment in transportation systems, where Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) coexist with potentially non-cooperative Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs). We develop a cooperation compliance control framework to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-29 Anni Li , Christos G. Cassandras

Vehicle platooning using connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal coordination of CAV platoons at a highway on-ramp merging. We present a single-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-17 A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Behdad Chalaki , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Ensuring safety in MARL, particularly when deploying it in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, emerges as a critical challenge. To address this challenge, traditional safe MARL methods extend MARL approaches to incorporate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhi Zheng , Shangding Gu

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms show amazing performance in simulation in recent years, but placing MARL in real-world applications may suffer safety problems. MARL with centralized shields was proposed and verified in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Zhiyuan Cai , Huanhui Cao , Wenjie Lu , Lin Zhang , Hao Xiong

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provide the most intriguing opportunity to reduce pollution, energy consumption, and travel delays. In this paper, we address the problem of vehicle platoon formation in a traffic network with partial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-23 A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Cooperative formation and control of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise increased efficiency and safety on public roads. In mixed traffic flow consisting of AVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs), the prevailing platooning of multiple AVs is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-15 Keqiang Li , Jiawei Wang , Yang Zheng

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) has been recognized as a fundamental function of autonomous driving, in which platoon stability and energy efficiency are outstanding challenges that are difficult to accommodate in real-world…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Min Hua , Dong Chen , Kun Jiang , Fanggang Zhang , Jinhai Wang , Bo Wang , Quan Zhou , Hongming Xu

Multi-modal learning has emerged as a key technique for improving performance across domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and reasoning. However, in certain scenarios, particularly in resource-constrained environments, some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Rui Liu , Yu Shen , Peng Gao , Pratap Tokekar , Ming Lin

Vehicle collisions remain a major challenge in large-scale mixed traffic systems, especially when human-driven vehicles (HVs) and robotic vehicles (RVs) interact under dynamic and uncertain conditions. Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Muyang Fan

In this letter, we present an approach for learning human driving behavior, without relying on specific model structures or prior distributions, in a mixed-traffic environment where connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) coexist with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Heeseung Bang , Aditya Dave , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

This paper proposes a distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithm for a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The proposed MARL algorithm allows UAVs to learn cooperatively to provide a full coverage of an unknown…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Huy Xuan Pham , Hung Manh La , David Feil-Seifer , Aria Nefian

The design of cooperative adaptive cruise control is critical in mixed traffic flow, where connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) coexist. Compared with pure CAVs, the major challenge is how to handle the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Shuo Feng , Ziyou Song , Zhaojian Li , Yi Zhang , Li Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently been used for solving challenging decision-making problems in the context of automated driving. However, one of the main drawbacks of the presented RL-based policies is the lack of safety guarantees,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Danial Kamran , Yu Ren , Martin Lauer

High-density, unsignalized intersection has always been a bottleneck of efficiency and safety. The emergence of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) results in a mixed traffic condition, further increasing the complexity of the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Shiyu Fang , Peng Hang , Chongfeng Wei , Yang Xing , Jian Sun

In hybrid traffic environments where human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) coexist, achieving safe and robust decision-making for AV platooning remains a complex challenge. Existing platooning systems often struggle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Chengkai Xu , Zihao Deng , Jiaqi Liu , Aijing Kong , Yu Tang , Chao Huang , Peng Hang

Proper functioning of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is crucial for the safety and efficiency of future intelligent transport systems. Meanwhile, transitioning to fully autonomous driving requires a long period of mixed autonomy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Qi Liu , Xueyuan Li , Zirui Li , Jingda Wu , Guodong Du , Xin Gao , Fan Yang , Shihua Yuan

Lane changing is a complex decision-making problem for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) as it requires balancing traffic efficiency with safety. Although traffic efficiency can be improved by using vehicular communication for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Bharathkumar Hegde , Melanie Bouroche

Connected automated vehicles (CAVs) possess the ability to communicate and coordinate with one another, enabling cooperative platooning that enhances both energy efficiency and traffic flow. However, during the initial stage of CAV…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zeyu Mu , Shangtong Zhang , B. Brian Park

Over the years, reinforcement learning has emerged as a popular approach to develop signal control and vehicle platooning strategies either independently or in a hierarchical way. However, jointly controlling both in real-time to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xianyue Peng , Shenyang Chen , Hang Gao , Hao Wang , H. Michael Zhang

Cooperative perception (CP) is a key technology to facilitate consistent and accurate situational awareness for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). To tackle the network resource inefficiency issue in traditional broadcast-based CP,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kaige Qu , Weihua Zhuang , Qiang Ye , Wen Wu , Xuemin Shen