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To realize the Quantum Internet, quantum communications require pre-shared entanglement among quantum nodes. However, both the generation and the distribution of the maximally-entangled quantum states are inherently contaminated by quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Daryus Chandra , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum entanglement shared by remote network nodes serves as a valuable resource for promising applications in distributed computing, cryptography, and sensing. However, distributing entanglement with high-quality via fiber optic routes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-02 Liangzhong Ruan , Brian T. Kirby , Michael Brodsky , Moe Z. Win

Entanglement purification describes a primitive in quantum information processing, where several copies of noisy quantum states are distilled into few copies of nearly-pure states of high quality via local operations and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Lina Vandré , Otfried Gühne

Accurately estimating high-order moments of quantum states is an elementary precondition for many crucial tasks in quantum computing, such as entanglement spectroscopy, entropy estimation, spectrum estimation, and predicting non-linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Benchi Zhao , Mingrui Jing , Lei Zhang , Xuanqiang Zhao , Yu-Ao CHen , Kun Wang , Xin Wang

Distributing circuits across quantum processor modules will enable the execution of circuits larger than the qubit count limitations of monolithic processors. While distributed quantum computation has primarily utilized circuit cutting, it…

Scaling beyond individual quantum devices via distributed quantum computing relies critically on high-fidelity quantum state transfers between devices, yet the quantum interconnects needed for this are currently unavailable or expected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Marvin Bechtold , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Alexander Mandl

Delegated quantum computing (DQC) enables limited clients to perform operations that are outside their capabilities remotely on a quantum server. Protocols for DQC are usually set up in the measurement-based quantum computation framework,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Fabian Wiesner , Jens Eisert , Anna Pappa

Quantum computers face inherent scaling challenges, a fact that necessitates investigation of distributed quantum computing systems, whereby scaling is achieved through interconnection of smaller quantum processing units. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin K. Leung

Noise is in general inevitable and detrimental to practical and useful quantum communication and computation. Under the resource theory framework, resource distillation serves as a generic tool to overcome the effect of noise. Yet,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Ting Zhang , Yukun Zhang , Lu Liu , Xiao-Xu Fang , Qian-Xi Zhang , Xiao Yuan , He Lu

We discuss quantum key distribution protocols using quantum continuous variables. We show that such protocols can be made secure against individual gaussian attacks regardless the transmission of the optical line between Alice and Bob. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 F. Grosshans , N. J. Cerf , J. Wenger , R. Tualle-Brouri , Ph. Grangier

Quantum communication is a secure way to transfer quantum information and to communicate with legitimate parties over distant places in a network. Although communication over a long distance has already been attained, technical problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Bikash K. Behera , Swarnadeep Seth , Antariksha Das , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is widely regarded as a promising approach to overcome quantum hardware limitations. A major challenge in DQC lies in reducing the communication cost introduced by remote CNOT gates, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Hui Zhong , Jiachen Shen , Lei Fan , Xinyue Zhang , Hao Wang , Miao Pan , Zhu Han

We present a protocol for growing graph states, the resource for one-way quantum computing, when the available entanglement mechanism is highly imperfect. The distillation protocol is frugal in its use of ancilla qubits, requiring only a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-09 Earl T. Campbell

Learning unknown processes affecting a quantum system reveals underlying physical mechanisms and enables suppression, mitigation, and correction of unwanted effects. Describing a general quantum process requires an exponentially large…

Distributed quantum computation is a practical method for large-scale quantum computation on quantum processors with limited size. It can be realized by direct quantum channels in flying qubits. Moreover, the pre-established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Tian-Ren Jin , Kai Xu , Heng Fan

Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-10 Alexander Streltsov , Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Maciej Lewenstein

In a distributed quantum computer scalability is accomplished by networking together many elementary nodes. Typically the network is optical and inter-node entanglement involves photon detection. In complex networks the entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Simon C. Benjamin , Joseph Fitzsimons

Superdense Coding is a cornerstone in secure quantum communication, exploiting pre-shared entanglement to encode two classical bits within a single qubit. However, noise and decoherence deteriorate entanglement quality, restricting both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Syed Emad Uddin Shubha , Tasnuva Farheen

Quantum resources enable secure quantum sensing (SQS) of remote systems, offering significant advantages in precision and security. However, decoherence in the quantum communication channel and during the evolution of quantum states can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-05 Muhammad Talha Rahim , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mahmood Irtiza Hussain , Asad Ali

Fidelity estimation is essential for the quality control of entanglement distribution networks. Because measurements collapse quantum states, we consider a setup in which nodes randomly sample a subset of the entangled qubit pairs to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Liangzhong Ruan
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