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Complex numerical weather prediction models incorporate a variety of physical processes, each described by multiple alternative physical schemes with specific parameters. The selection of the physical schemes and the choice of the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Azam Moosavi , Vishwas Rao , Adrian Sandu

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most devastating natural hazards, yet their intensity remains notoriously difficult to predict. NWP models are constrained by both computational demands and intrinsic predictability, while…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Shan Guo , Lei Chen , Yangyang Zhao , Yuetan Lin , Zeyi Niu , Xinyan Zhang , Ziyao Sun , Xiaohui Zhong , Hao Li

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and machine learning (ML) methods are popular for solar forecasting. However, NWP models have multiple possible physical parameterizations, which requires site-specific NWP optimization. This is further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Nigel Yuan Yun Ng , Harish Gopalan , Venugopalan S. G. Raghavan , Chin Chun Ooi

Given the interpretability, accuracy, and stability of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, current operational weather forecasting relies heavily on the NWP approach. In the past two years, the rapid development of Artificial…

In just the past few years multiple data-driven Artificial Intelligence Weather Prediction (AIWP) models have been developed, with new versions appearing almost monthly. Given this rapid development, the applicability of these models to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Mark DeMaria , James L. Franklin , Galina Chirokova , Jacob Radford , Robert DeMaria , Kate D. Musgrave , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

Accurate prediction of tropical cyclones remains a major challenge for both numerical weather prediction and emerging artificial intelligence weather prediction systems. While recent global AI models have demonstrated strong skill in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zeyi Niu , Wei Huang , Sirong Huang , Zhuo Wang , Mu Mu , Mengqi Yang , Xinhai Han , Haofei Sun , Zhaoyang Huo , Bo Qin

Data-driven weather prediction models (DDWPs) have made rapid strides in recent years, demonstrating an ability to approximate Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models to a high degree of accuracy. The fast, accurate, and low-cost DDWP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Vivek Ramavajjala , Peetak P. Mitra

Due to limited computational resources, medium-range temperature forecasts typically rely on low-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which are prone to systematic and random errors. We propose a method that integrates a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Takuya Inoue , Takuya Kawabata

Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

Predictions of thunderstorm-related hazards are needed in several sectors, including first responders, infrastructure management and aviation. To address this need, we present a deep learning model that can be adapted to different hazard…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-16 Jussi Leinonen , Ulrich Hamann , Ioannis V. Sideris , Urs Germann

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence Weather Prediction (AIWP) models have achieved performance comparable to, or even surpassing, traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models by leveraging reanalysis data. However, a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Pengcheng Zhao , Jiang Bian , Zekun Ni , Weixin Jin , Jonathan Weyn , Zuliang Fang , Siqi Xiang , Haiyu Dong , Bin Zhang , Hongyu Sun , Kit Thambiratnam , Qi Zhang

This paper proposes a nonparametric multivariate density forecast model based on deep learning. It not only offers the whole marginal distribution of each random variable in forecasting targets, but also reveals the future correlation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-28 Zichao Meng , Ye Guo , Wenjun Tang , Hongbin Sun

Short-term forecasting is an important tool in understanding environmental processes. In this paper, we incorporate machine learning algorithms into a conditional distribution estimator for the purposes of forecasting tropical cyclone…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-19 David B. Huberman , Brian J. Reich , Howard D. Bondell

Forecasting Heavy Precipitation Events (HPE) in the Mediterranean is crucial but challenging due to the complexity of the processes involved. In this context, Artificial Intelligence methods have recently proven to be competitive with…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Killian Pujol , Roberta Baggio , Dominique Lambert , Jean-François Muzy , Jean-Baptiste Filippi , Florian Pantillon

Deep Learning based Weather Prediction (DLWP) models have been improving rapidly over the last few years, surpassing state of the art numerical weather forecasts by significant margins. While much of the optimization effort is focused on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Haoyu Qin , Yungang Chen , Qianchuan Jiang , Pengchao Sun , Xiancai Ye , Chao Lin

Short- or mid-term rainfall forecasting is a major task with several environmental applications such as agricultural management or flood risk monitoring. Existing data-driven approaches, especially deep learning models, have shown…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-13 Vincent Bouget , Dominique Béréziat , Julien Brajard , Anastase Charantonis , Arthur Filoche

Running high-resolution physical models is computationally expensive and essential for many disciplines. Agriculture, transportation, and energy are sectors that depend on high-resolution weather models, which typically consume many hours…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Eduardo R. Rodrigues , Igor Oliveira , Renato L. F. Cunha , Marco A. S. Netto

The forecast of tropical cyclone trajectories is crucial for the protection of people and property. Although forecast dynamical models can provide high-precision short-term forecasts, they are computationally demanding, and current…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Sophie Giffard-Roisin , Mo Yang , Guillaume Charpiat , Christina Kumler-Bonfanti , Balázs Kégl , Claire Monteleoni

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to global climate change urges accurate weather prediction. Recently, great advances have been made by the \textbf{end-to-end methods}, thanks to deep learning techniques, but they face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shaohan Li , Hao Yang , Min Chen , Xiaolin Qin

Precipitation nowcasting based on radar echoes plays a crucial role in monitoring extreme weather and supporting disaster prevention. Although deep learning approaches have achieved significant progress, they still face notable limitations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaiyi Xu , Junchao Gong , Wenlong Zhang , Ben Fei , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang
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