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Related papers: SlimLM: An Efficient Small Language Model for On-D…

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Small language models (SLMs; 1-12B params, sometimes up to 20B) are sufficient and often superior for agentic workloads where the objective is schema- and API-constrained accuracy rather than open-ended generation. We synthesize recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta

The customization of large language models (LLMs) for user-specified tasks gets important. However, maintaining all the customized LLMs on cloud servers incurs substantial memory and computational overheads, and uploading user data can also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Seunghan Yang , Simyung Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). In contrast, small language models (SLMs) ranging from 0.5B to 1.5B parameters currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

The burgeoning interest in developing Large Language Models (LLMs) with up to trillion parameters has been met with concerns regarding resource efficiency and practical expense, particularly given the immense cost of experimentation. This…

Language models have shown effectiveness in a variety of software applications, particularly in tasks related to automatic workflow. These models possess the crucial ability to call functions, which is essential in creating AI agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li

With the increasing number of mobile devices, there has been continuous research on generating optimized Language Models (LMs) for soft keyboard. In spite of advances in this domain, building a single LM for low-end feature phones as well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sharmila Mani , Sourabh Vasant Gothe , Sourav Ghosh , Ajay Kumar Mishra , Prakhar Kulshreshtha , Bhargavi M , Muthu Kumaran

As foundation AI models continue to increase in size, an important question arises - is massive scale the only path forward? This survey of about 160 papers presents a family of Small Language Models (SLMs) in the 1 to 8 billion parameter…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in many natural language understanding tasks, including content moderation. However, these models can be expensive to query in real-time and do not allow for a community-specific approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xianyang Zhan , Agam Goyal , Yilun Chen , Eshwar Chandrasekharan , Koustuv Saha

This study presents FiLLM, a Filipino-optimized large language model, designed to enhance natural language processing (NLP) capabilities in the Filipino language. Built upon the SeaLLM-7B 2.5 model, FiLLM leverages Low-Rank Adaptation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Carlos Jude G. Maminta , Isaiah Job Enriquez , Deandre Nigel Nunez , Michael B. Dela Fuente

Running language models in the browser presents a unique opportunity to build efficient, private, and portable AI applications, but requires contending with constrained memory availability and heterogeneous hardware targets. To realize this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Reese Levine , Rithik Sharma , Nikhil Jain , Abhijit Ramesh , Zheyuan Chen , Neha Abbas , James Contini , Tyler Sorensen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have indeed showcased their impressive capabilities. On mobile devices, the wealth of valuable, non-public data generated daily holds great promise for locally fine-tuning personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Dan Peng , Zhihui Fu , Jun Wang

Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficient alternatives to LLMs for specific domains. The 2023 TinyStories study developed an English dataset that allows SLMs with 1 to 10 million parameters to produce coherent outputs. Our research…

While large language models have facilitated breakthroughs in many applications of artificial intelligence, their inherent largeness makes them computationally expensive and challenging to deploy in resource-constrained settings. In this…

Despite the recent ubiquity of large language models and their high zero-shot prompted performance across a wide range of tasks, it is still not known how well they perform on tasks which require processing of potentially idiomatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dylan Phelps , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Edward Gow-Smith , Aline Villavicencio

Despite substantial progress in healthcare applications driven by large language models (LLMs), growing concerns around data privacy, and limited resources; the small language models (SLMs) offer a scalable and clinically viable solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Muskan Garg , Shaina Raza , Shebuti Rayana , Xingyi Liu , Sunghwan Sohn

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Nonetheless, it is challenging to deploy and fine-tune LLMs on mobile edge devices with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yuhao Chen , Yuxuan Yan , Qianqian Yang , Yuanchao Shu , Shibo He , Jiming Chen

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), significant progress has been achieved in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, existing LLMs still face two major challenges that hinder their broader adoption: (1)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhaofeng Zhong , Wei Yuan , Liang Qu , Tong Chen , Hao Wang , Xiangyu Zhao , Hongzhi Yin

We present OnPrem$.$LLM, a Python-based toolkit for applying large language models (LLMs) to sensitive, non-public data in offline or restricted environments. The system is designed for privacy-preserving use cases and provides prebuilt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Arun S. Maiya

As large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in many tasks, they are used in various applications. While a lot of works have focused on the efficiency of single-LLM application (e.g., offloading, request scheduling, parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jingzhi Fang , Yanyan Shen , Yue Wang , Lei Chen

Customer-service question answering (QA) systems increasingly rely on conversational language understanding. While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance, their high computational cost and deployment constraints limit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Lakshan Cooray , Deshan Sumanathilaka , Pattigadapa Venkatesh Raju
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