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Data fusion refers to the joint analysis of multiple datasets which provide complementary views of the same task. In this preprint, the problem of jointly analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Christos Chatzichristos , Eleftherios Kofidis , Lieven De Lathauwer , Sergios Theodoridis , Sabine Van Huffel

Understanding and decoding brain activity into visual representations is a fundamental challenge at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence. While EEG visual decoding has shown promise due to its non-invasive, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Minxu Liu , Donghai Guan , Chuhang Zheng , Chunwei Tian , Jie Wen , Qi Zhu

Brain computer interface (BCI) research, as well as increasing portions of the field of neuroscience, have found success deploying large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) pre-training methods in conjunction with vast public repositories of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-03 Mattson Ogg , Rahul Hingorani , Diego Luna , Griffin W. Milsap , William G. Coon , Clara A. Scholl

Neuroimaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) provide information about neurological functions in complementary spatiotemporal resolutions; therefore, fusion of these…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-23 Evrim Acar , Yuri Levin-Schwartz , Vince D. Calhoun , Tülay Adalı

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have shown promise for learning generalizable representations, yet they remain sensitive to channel heterogeneity, such as changes in channel composition or ordering. We propose channel-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hanseul Choi , Jinyeong Park , Seongwon Jin , Sungho Park , Jibum Kim

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain activity, widely used in brain-computer interfaces, clinic, and healthcare. Traditional EEG deep models typically focus on specific dataset and task, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Ang Li , Zikai Wang , Liuyin Yang , Zhenyu Wang , Tianheng Xu , Honglin Hu , Marc M. Van Hulle

This study examines the efficacy of various neural network (NN) models in interpreting mental constructs via electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Through the assessment of 16 prevalent NN models and their variants across four brain-computer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-26 Xia Chen , Xiangbin Teng , Han Chen , Yafeng Pan , Philipp Geyer

In modern neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a crucial and irreplaceable tool that provides a non-invasive window into the dynamics of whole-brain activity. Nevertheless, fMRI is limited by hemodynamic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Yamin Li , Ange Lou , Ziyuan Xu , Shiyu Wang , Catie Chang

Brain encoding models not only serve to decipher how visual stimuli are transformed into neural responses, but also represent a critical step toward visual prostheses that restore vision for patients with severe vision disorders. Brain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ganxi Xu , Zhao-Rong Lai , Yuting Tang , Yonghao Song , Shuyan Zhou , Guoxu Zhou , Boyu Wang , Jian Zhu , Jinyi Long

Premise. Patterns of electrical brain activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) offer immense value for scientific and clinical investigations. The inability of supervised EEG encoders to learn robust EEG patterns and their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Gayal Kuruppu , Neeraj Wagh , Vaclav Kremen , Sandipan Pati , Gregory Worrell , Yogatheesan Varatharajah

Electroencephalography (EEG) has wide-ranging applications, from clinical diagnosis to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). With the increasing volume and variety of EEG data, there has been growing interest in establishing foundation models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zitao Fang , Chenxuan Li , Hongting Zhou , Shuyang Yu , Guodong Du , Ashwaq Qasem , Yang Lu , Jing Li , Junsong Zhang , Sim Kuan Goh

Decoding visual information from electroencephalography (EEG) has recently achieved promising results, primarily focusing on reconstructing two-dimensional (2D) images from brain activity. However, the reconstruction of three-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Emanuele Balloni , Emanuele Frontoni , Chiara Matti , Marina Paolanti , Roberto Pierdicca , Emiliano Santarnecchi

Electroencephalography provides a non-invasive window into brain activity, offering valuable insights for neurological research, brain-computer interfaces, and clinical diagnostics. However, the development of robust machine learning models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Chi-Sheng Chen , Ying-Jung Chen , Aidan Hung-Wen Tsai

The ability to perceive and recognize objects is fundamental for the interaction with the external environment. Studies that investigate them and their relationship with brain activity changes have been increasing due to the possible…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Jenifer Kalafatovich , Minji Lee , Seong-Whan Lee

How to decode human vision through neural signals has attracted a long-standing interest in neuroscience and machine learning. Modern contrastive learning and generative models improved the performance of visual decoding and reconstruction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dongyang Li , Chen Wei , Shiying Li , Jiachen Zou , Haoyang Qin , Quanying Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique to measure and record brain electrical activity, widely used in various BCI and healthcare applications. Early EEG decoding methods rely on supervised learning, limited by specific…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Zhiling Luo , Yangxuan Zhou , Haiteng Jiang , Shijian Li , Tao Li , Gang Pan

Decoding human brain activity from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a central challenge at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, enabling diverse applications in mental state assessment, clinical monitoring,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weiheng Lu , Zhouheng Yao , Jiamin Wu , Pengyu Zhu , Yuchen Zhou , Weijian Mai , Qihao Zheng , Wanli Ouyang , Chunfeng Song

Human's perception of the visual world is shaped by the stereo processing of 3D information. Understanding how the brain perceives and processes 3D visual stimuli in the real world has been a longstanding endeavor in neuroscience. Towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zhanqiang Guo , Jiamin Wu , Yonghao Song , Jiahui Bu , Weijian Mai , Qihao Zheng , Wanli Ouyang , Chunfeng Song

While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers valuable insights into brain activity, it is limited by high operational costs and significant infrastructural demands. In contrast, electroencephalography (EEG) provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kristofer Grover Roos , Atsushi Fukuda , Quan Huu Cap