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Question-answering (QA) is a significant application of Large Language Models (LLMs), shaping chatbot capabilities across healthcare, education, and customer service. However, widespread LLM integration presents a challenge for small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Md Adnan Arefeen , Biplob Debnath , Srimat Chakradhar

It is well known that LLMs cannot generalize well to long contexts whose lengths are larger than the training sequence length. This poses challenges when employing LLMs for processing long input sequences during inference. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hongye Jin , Xiaotian Han , Jingfeng Yang , Zhimeng Jiang , Zirui Liu , Chia-Yuan Chang , Huiyuan Chen , Xia Hu

While many advanced LLMs are designed to handle long sequence data, we can still observe notable quality degradation even within the sequence limit. In this work, we introduce a novel approach called Scaling to Emphasize Attention for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Changhun Lee , Minsang Seok , Jun-gyu Jin , Younghyun Cho , Eunhyeok Park

Inference with Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) on long sequences is both costly and slow due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism. We introduce Star Attention, a two-phase block-sparse approximation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shantanu Acharya , Fei Jia , Boris Ginsburg

Handling long-context sequences efficiently remains a significant challenge in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods for token selection in sequence extrapolation either employ a permanent eviction strategy or select tokens by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Haoyu Wang , Tong Teng , Tianyu Guo , An Xiao , Duyu Tang , Hanting Chen , Yunhe Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in generative applications such as chatting, code generation, and reasoning. However, many realworld workloads such as classification, question answering, recommendation, and text embedding rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Dinghong Song , Yuan Feng , Yiwei Wang , Shangye Chen , Cyril Guyot , Filip Blagojevic , Hyeran Jeon , Pengfei Su , Dong Li

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

The quadratic complexity of the attention module makes it gradually become the bulk of compute in Transformer-based LLMs during generation. Moreover, the excessive key-value cache that arises when dealing with long inputs also brings severe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Siyu Ren , Qi Jia , Kenny Q. Zhu

In large-scale recommender systems, ultra-long user behavior sequences encode rich signals of evolving interests. Extending sequence length generally improves accuracy, but directly modeling such sequences in production is infeasible due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyuan Li , Yongxiang Tang , Yanhua Cheng , Yong Bai , Yanxiang Zeng , Chao Wang , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters have transformed the field of machine learning. However, serving these models at inference time is both compute and memory intensive, where a single request can require…

Modern large language model (LLM) applications increasingly rely on long conditioning prefixes to control model behavior at inference time. While prefix-augmented inference is effective, it incurs two structural limitations: i) the prefix's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yasuyuki Okoshi , Hao Mark Chen , Guanxi Lu , Hongxiang Fan , Masato Motomura , Daichi Fujiki

Limited by the context window size of Large Language Models(LLMs), handling various tasks with input tokens exceeding the upper limit has been challenging, whether it is a simple direct retrieval task or a complex multi-hop reasoning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Xiaoju Ye , Zhichun Wang , Jingyuan Wang

Large language model (LLM) inference demands significant amount of computation and memory, especially in the key attention mechanism. While techniques, such as quantization and acceleration algorithms, like FlashAttention, have improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hao Kang , Srikant Bharadwaj , James Hensman , Tushar Krishna , Victor Ruhle , Saravan Rajmohan

In modern large language models (LLMs), increasing the context length is crucial for improving comprehension and coherence in long-context, multi-modal, and retrieval-augmented language generation. While many recent transformer models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Heejun Lee , Geon Park , Youngwan Lee , Jaduk Suh , Jina Kim , Wonyoung Jeong , Bumsik Kim , Hyemin Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

This paper presents a context key/value compression method for Transformer language models in online scenarios, where the context continually expands. As the context lengthens, the attention process demands increasing memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jang-Hyun Kim , Junyoung Yeom , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Efficient long-context inference is critical as large language models (LLMs) adopt context windows of ranging from 128K to 1M tokens. However, the growing key-value (KV) cache and the high computational complexity of attention create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Guangtao Wang , Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Darshan Gandhi , Jonathan Li , Changran Hu , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker

Large Language Model (LLM) inference, where a trained model generates text one word at a time in response to user prompts, is a computationally intensive process requiring efficient scheduling to optimize latency and resource utilization. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Patrick Jaillet , Jiashuo Jiang , Konstantina Mellou , Marco Molinaro , Chara Podimata , Zijie Zhou

Processing long contexts remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs) due to the quadratic computational and memory overhead of the self-attention mechanism and the substantial KV cache sizes during generation. We propose LLoCO, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sijun Tan , Xiuyu Li , Shishir Patil , Ziyang Wu , Tianjun Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Raluca Ada Popa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

This work focuses on the task of query-based meeting summarization in which the summary of a context (meeting transcript) is generated in response to a specific query. When using Large Language Models (LLMs) for this task, usually a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Elena Khasanova , Xue-Yong Fu , Cheng Chen , Shashi Bhushan TN
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