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Related papers: Capacity and Power Consumption of Multi-Layer 6G N…

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This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Matteo Bernabè

Driven by the pursuit of gigabit-per-second data speeds for future 6G mobile networks, in addition to the support of sensing and artificial intelligence applications, the industry is expanding beyond crowded sub-6 GHz bands with innovative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Ahmad Bazzi , Roberto Bomfin , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan , Theodore Rappaport , Marwa Chafii

As 6G networks evolve, the upper mid-band spectrum (7 GHz to 24 GHz), or frequency range 3 (FR3), is emerging as a promising balance between the coverage offered by sub-6 GHz bands and the high-capacity of millimeter wave (mmWave)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Marouan Mizmizi , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Umberto Spagnolini

Increasing attention is given to the upper mid-band or Frequency Range 3 (FR3), from 7 to 24 GHz, in the research towards sixth-generation (6G) networks. Promises of offering large data rates at favorable propagation conditions are leading…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Emanuele Peschiera , Sangbu Yun , Youngjoo Lee , Liesbet Van der Perre , François Rottenberg

The initial 6G networks will likely operate in the upper mid-band (7-24 GHz), which has decent propagation conditions but underwhelming new spectrum availability. In this paper, we explore whether we can anyway reach the ambitious 6G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emil Björnson , Ferdi Kara , Nikolaos Kolomvakis , Alva Kosasih , Parisa Ramezani , Murat Babek Salman

Motivated by increasing wireless capacity demands and 6G advancements, the newly defined Frequency Range 3 (FR3, 7.125-24.25 GHz), also known as the upper mid-band, has emerged as a promising spectrum candidate. It offers a balance between…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication nowadays is seeking a new spectrum to inherit the pros and discard the cons of sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and sub-terahertz (THz) bands. To this end, an upper mid-band with a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Peize Zhang , Sofie Pollin

The upper midband, spanning 7 to 24 GHz, strikes a good balance between large bandwidths and favorable propagation environments for future 6th Generation (6G) networks. Wireless networks in the upper midband, however, will need to share the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Paolo Testolina , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Driven by the escalating demand for wireless capacity and advancements in 6G research, the new Frequency Range 3 (FR3) referred to upper mid-band (7.125-24.25 GHz) has emerged as a highly compelling spectrum candidate. This range offers a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

The upper mid-band - roughly from 7 to 24 GHz - has attracted considerable recent interest for new cellular services. This frequency range has vastly more spectrum than the highly congested bands below 7 GHz while offering more favorable…

The research community has already identified that, by 2030, 5G networks will reach the capacity limits, and hence, will be inadequate to support next generation bandwidth-hungry, ubiquitous, intelligent services, and applications.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Sridhar Iyer , Anita Patil , Shilpa Bhairanatti , Soumya Halagatti , Rahul Jashvantbhai Pandya

In cellular systems using frequency division duplex, growing Internet services cause unbalance of uplink and downlink traffic, resulting in poor uplink spectrum utilization. Addressing this issue, this paper considers overlaying an ad hoc…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Kaibin Huang , Yan Chen , Bin Chen , Xia Yang , Vincent K. N. Lau

FR3 ($\approx$7-24 GHz), also referred to as the upper mid-band, has recently emerged as promising spectrum for 6G; however, its propagation and MIMO characteristics vary significantly with frequency and environment, and spectrum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Emiel Vanspranghels , Zhuangzhuang Cui , Sofie Pollin

Todays heterogeneous networks comprised of mostly macrocells and indoor small cells will not be able to meet the upcoming traffic demands. Indeed, it is forecasted that at least a 100x network capacity increase will be required to meet the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-29 David Lopez-Perez , Ming Ding , Holger Claussen , Amir H. Jafari

Boosting data rates in LTE mobile networks is one of the key features of LTE-Advanced. This improved user experience is achieved by Carrier Aggregation (CA), in which the available spectrum of an operator is bundled out of several frequency…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Robert Falkenberg , Benjamin Sliwa , Christian Wietfeld

The emergence of 6G networks enables simultaneous near-field and far-field communications through extremely large antenna arrays and high carrier frequencies. While these regimes enhance spatial multiplexing and link capacity, their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Humera Hameed , Waqas Aman , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Ali Arshad Nasir

The new mid-band (6-24 GHz) has attracted significant attention from both academia and industry, which is the spectrum with continuous bandwidth that combines the coverage benefits of low frequency with the capacity advantages of high…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Jie Meng , Qi Zhen , Ximan Liu , Enrui Liu , Peijie Liu , Lei Tian , Guangyi Liu

As discussions around 6G begin, it is important to carefully quantify the spectral efficiency gains actually realized by deployed 5G networks as compared to 4G through various enhancements such as higher modulation, beamforming, and MIMO.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Muhammad Iqbal Rochman , Wei Ye , Zhi-Li Zhang , Monisha Ghosh

The use of in-band full-duplex (FD) enables nodes to simultaneously transmit and receive on the same frequency band, which challenges the traditional assumption in wireless network design. The full-duplex capability enhances spectral…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Besma Smida , Ashutosh Sabharwal , Gabor Fodor , George C. Alexandropoulos , Himal A. Suraweera , Chan-Byoung Chae

With the push toward 6G commercialization, Frequency Range 3 (FR3) bands, specifically 7.125-8.4 GHz and 14.8-15.3 GHz, have become focal points for achieving wide-area, high-capacity coverage. However, practical deployment is often limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Enrui Liu , Pan Tang , Haiyang Miao , Qi Zhen , Jianhua Zhang
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