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Macroeconomic outcomes emerge from individuals' decisions, making it essential to model how agents interact with macro policy via consumption, investment, and labor choices. We formulate this as a dynamic Stackelberg game: the government…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-03 Qirui Mi , Zhiyu Zhao , Chengdong Ma , Siyu Xia , Yan Song , Mengyue Yang , Jun Wang , Haifeng Zhang

The concept of leader--follower (or Stackelberg) equilibrium plays a central role in a number of real--world applications of game theory. While the case with a single follower has been thoroughly investigated, results with multiple…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Nicola Basilico , Stefano Coniglio , Nicola Gatti

We introduce the application of online learning in a Stackelberg game pertaining to a system with two learning agents in a dyadic exchange network, consisting of a supplier and retailer, specifically where the parameters of the demand…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Larkin Liu , Yuming Rong

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time Stackelberg mean field game with a finite number of leaders, a finite number of major followers and an infinite number of minor followers. The leaders and the followers each observe types privately…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal

We study the framework of two-player Stackelberg games played on graphs in which Player 0 announces a strategy and Player 1 responds rationally with a strategy that is an optimal response. While it is usually assumed that Player 1 has a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Véronique Bruyère , Baptiste Fievet , Jean-François Raskin , Clément Tamines

In this paper, we introduce the third party to achieve the Stackelberg equilibrium with the time inconsistency in three different Stackelberg games, which are the discrete-time games, the dynamic games, and the mean field games. Here all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-29 Yiming Jiang , Yawei Wei , Jie Xue

A two-player finite horizon linear-quadratic Stackelberg differential game is considered. The feature of this game is that the control cost of a follower in the cost functionals of both players is small, which means that the game under…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Valery Y. Glizer , Vladimir Turetsky

There has been significant recent interest in leader-follower security games, where the leader dominates the decision process with the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) strategy. However, such a leader-follower scheme may become invalid in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Gehui Xu , Guanpu Chen , Zhaoyang Cheng , Yiguang Hong , Hongsheng Qi

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

The behavior of no-regret learning algorithms is well understood in two-player min-max (i.e, zero-sum) games. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of no-regret learning in min-max games with dependent strategy sets, where the strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Denizalp Goktas , Jiayi Zhao , Amy Greenwald

This article describes a novel game structure for autonomously optimizing decentralized manufacturing systems with multi-objective optimization challenges, namely Distributed Stackelberg Strategies in State-Based Potential Games (DS2-SbPG).…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Steve Yuwono , Dorothea Schwung , Andreas Schwung

Stackelberg equilibria have become increasingly important as a solution concept in computational game theory, largely inspired by practical problems such as security settings. In practice, however, there is typically uncertainty regarding…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

This paper addresses a Stackelberg stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) differential game under closed-loop information, a problem inherently time-inconsistent. Existing approaches rely on solving two coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Qi Lü , Bowen Ma , Hanxiao Wang

Guided trajectory planning involves a leader robot strategically directing a follower robot to collaboratively reach a designated destination. However, this task becomes notably challenging when the leader lacks complete knowledge of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

We discuss an open-loop backward Stackelberg differential game involving single leader and single follower. Unlike most Stackelberg game literature, the state to be controlled is characterized by a backward stochastic differential equation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Xinwei Feng , Ying Hu , Jianhui Huang

In this paper, an incentive proactive cache mechanism in cache-enabled small cell networks (SCNs) is proposed, in order to motivate the content providers (CPs) to participate in the caching procedure. A network composed of a single mobile…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Fei Shen , Kenza Hamidouche , Ejder Baştuğ , Mérouane Debbah

This paper characterizes optimal classification when individuals adjust their behavior in response to the classification rule. We model the interaction between a designer and a population as a Stackelberg game: the designer selects a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Elizabeth Maggie Penn , John W. Patty

A Stackelberg Vertex Cover game is played on an undirected graph $\mathcal{G}$ where some of the vertices are under the control of a \emph{leader}. The remaining vertices are assigned a fixed weight. The game is played in two stages. First,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Katharina Eickhoff , Lennart Kauther , Britta Peis

We study a class of stochastic dynamic games that exhibit strategic complementarities between players; formally, in the games we consider, the payoff of a player has increasing differences between her own state and the empirical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-13 Sachin Adlakha , Ramesh Johari

We introduce the framework of LLM-Stackelberg games, a class of sequential decision-making models that integrate large language models (LLMs) into strategic interactions between a leader and a follower. Departing from classical Stackelberg…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Quanyan Zhu