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Let $(Z_n,n\geq 0)$ be a supercritical Galton-Watson process whose offspring distribution $\mu$ has mean $\lambda>1$ and is such that $\int x(\log(x))_+ d\mu(x)<+\infty$. According to the famous Kesten \& Stigum theorem, $(Z_n/\lambda^n)$…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-04 Cécile Mailler , Jean-François Marckert

We consider a supercritical branching process $Z_n$ in a stationary and ergodic random environment $\xi =(\xi_n)_{n\ge0}$. Due to the martingale convergence theorem, it is known that the normalized population size $W_n=Z_n/ (\mathbb E…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Ewa Damek , Nina Gantert , Konrad Kolesko

Branching processes $(Z_n)_{n \ge 0}$ in a varying environment generalize the Galton-Watson process, in that they allow time-dependence of the offspring distribution. Our main results concern general criteria for a.s. extinction,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Götz Kersting

Let $\{Z_n^i = (Z_n^i(r))_{1 \le r \le d}: n \ge 0\}$ be a supercritical $d$-type branching process in an i.i.d. environment $\xi = (\xi_0, \xi_1, \dots)$, starting from a single particle of type $i$. The offspring distribution at…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Jiangrui Tan

In this paper, we study the Galton-Watson process in the random environment for the particular case when the number of the offsprings in each generation has the fractional linear generation function with random parameters. In this case, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Dan Han , Stanislav Molchanov , Yanjmaa Jutmaan

We consider a super-critical Galton-Watson tree whose non-degenerate offspring distribution has finite mean. We consider the random trees $\tau$n distributed as $\tau$ conditioned on the n-th generation, Zn, to be of size an $\in$ N. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-14 Romain Abraham , Jean-François Delmas

We examine the population growth system called Q-processes. This is defined by the Galton-Watson Branching system conditioned on non-extinction of its trajectory in the remote future. In this paper we observe the total progeny up to time…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Azam A. Imomov , Zuhriddin A. Nazarov

We investigate Kesten-Stigum-like results for multi-type Galton-Watson processes with a countable number of types in a general setting, allowing us in particular to consider processes with an infinite total population at each generation.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Mathilde André , Jean-Jil Duchamps

We study the long-term behavior of weighted multi-type branching processes, focusing on extending classical laws of large numbers and martingale convergence to settings with infinitely many weighted particles, arbitrary type spaces and…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Denis Villemonais , Nicolas Zalduendo

We present two iterative methods for computing the global and partial extinction probability vectors for Galton-Watson processes with countably infinitely many types. The probabilistic interpretation of these methods involves truncated…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-06 Sophie Hautphenne , Guy Latouche , Giang Nguyen

We investigate Galton--Watson processes in varying environment, for which $\bar f_n \uparrow 1$ and $\sum_{n=1}^\infty (1-\bar f_n) = \infty$, where $\bar f_n$ stands for the offspring mean in generation $n$. Since the process dies out…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Péter Kevei , Kata Kubatovics

We study the evolution of the population size distribution of a critical Galton-Watson process with infinite variance of the offspring size of particles assuming that the population size is unusually small at the distant moment $n$ of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Vladimir Vatutin , Elena Dyakonova

This paper proposes a novel numerical method for computing the density of the limit random variable associated with a supercritical Galton-Watson process. This random variable captures the effect of early demographic fluctuations and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Alice Cortinovis , Sophie Hautphenne , Stefano Massei

In this paper we study the genealogical structure of a Galton-Watson process with neutral mutations, where the initial population is large and mutation rate is small \cite{B2}. Namely, we extend in two directions the results obtained in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Airam Blancas Benítez , Víctor Rivero

A Galton-Watson process in varying environment is a discrete time branching process where the offspring distributions vary among generations. Based on a two-spine decomposition technique, we provide a probabilistic argument of a Yaglom-type…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Natalia Cardona-Tobón , Sandra Palau

Let $(Z_n)$ be a supercritical branching process in a random environment $% \zeta$, and $W$ be the limit of the normalized population size $Z_n/\mathbb{E%}(Z_n|\zeta)$. We show necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-07-13 Xingang Liang , Quansheng Liu

A properly scaled critical Galton-Watson process converges to a continuous state critical branching process $\xi(\cdot)$ as the number of initial individuals tends to infinity. We extend this classical result by allowing for overlapping…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Serik Sagitov

We consider an indecomposable Galton-Watson branching process with countably infinitely many types. Assuming that the process is critical and allowing for infinite variance of the offspring sizes of some (or all) types of particles we…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-02 V. A. Topchii , V. A. Vatutin , E. E. Dyakonova

This paper is concerned with an extended Galton-Watson process so as to allow individuals to live and reproduce for more than one unit time. We assume that each individual can live $k$ seasons (time-units) with probability $h_k$, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-29 J. R. Tan , J. P. Li

Our principal aim is to observe the Markov discrete-time process of population growth with long-living trajectory. First we study asymptotical decay of generating function of Galton-Watson process for all cases as the Basic Lemma.…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Azam A. Imomov
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