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A Quantum Internet, i.e., a global interconnection of quantum devices, is the long term goal of quantum communications, and has so far been based on two-dimensional systems (qubits). Recent years have seen a significant development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Davide Bacco , Jacob F. F. Bulmer , Manuel Erhard , Marcus Huber , Stefano Paesani

We combine the concept of Bell measurements, in which two systems are projected into a maximally entangled state, with the concept of continuous measurements, which concerns the evolution of a continuously monitored quantum system. For such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-24 Sebastian G. Hofer , Denis V. Vasilyev , Markus Aspelmeyer , Klemens Hammerer

Quantum state estimation plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable creation of entanglement within quantum networks, yet conventional Quantum State Tomography (QST) methods remain resource-intensive and impractical for scaling. To address…

Experimental realizations of QT have so far been limited to teleportation of light. The present communication gives a new experimental scheme for QT of heavy matter. We show that the standard experimental technique used in nuclear physics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. F. Kostenko , V. D. Kuznetsov , M. B. Miller , A. V. Sermyagin , D. V. Kamanin

Quantum teleportation uses a shared entangled resource, local operations, and a digitally error-corrected classical channel to transfer quantum states between distant parties. We introduce a hybrid teleportation-direct transmission protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Uesli Alushi , Simone Felicetti , Roberto Di Candia

The measurement procedures used in quantum teleportation are analyzed from the viewpoint of the general theory of quantum-mechanical measurements. It is shown that to find the teleported state one should only know the identity resolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. N. Molotkov , S. S. Nazin

Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled…

Entanglement swapping is a fundamental protocol in quantum information processing that enables the distribution of entanglement between distant quantum systems. In this work, we first extend the concept of entanglement swapping to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 S. M. Zangi , Chitra Shukla , Khalid Naseer , Saeed Haddadi

Certifying the entanglement of quantum states with Bell inequalities allows one to guarantee the security of quantum information protocols independently of imperfections in the measuring devices. Here we present a similar procedure for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-19 Adam Bennet , Tamás Vértesi , Dylan J. Saunders , Nicolas Brunner , G. J. Pryde

We show that a universal set of gates for quantum computation with optics can be quantum teleported through the use of EPR entangled states, homodyne detection, and linear optics and squeezing operations conditioned on measurement outcomes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , William J. Munro

We address fundamental limitations of quantum teleportation -- the process of transferring quantum information using classical communication and preshared entanglement. We develop a new teleportation protocol based upon the idea of using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Patryk Lipka-Bartosik , Paul Skrzypczyk

We investigate prepare-and-measure scenarios in which a sender and a receiver use entanglement to send quantum information over a channel with limited capacity. We formalise this framework, identify its basic properties and provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Elna Svegborn , Jef Pauwels , Armin Tavakoli

This paper introduces a new quantum protocol for secure direct communication. This protocol is based on Entanglement and Super-Dense coding. In this paper we present some basic definitions of entanglement in quantum mechanics, present how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 Ola M. Hegazy , Ayman M. Bahaa-Eldin , Yasser H. Dakroury

We propose a feasible scheme for teleporting an arbitrary polarization state or entanglement of photons by requiring only single-photon (SP) sources, simple linear optical elements and SP quantum non-demolition measurements. An unknown SP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zeng-Bing Chen , Huai-Xin Lu , Yong-De Zhang

A quantum key distribution and identification protocol is proposed, which is based on entanglement swapping. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

The generation of entanglement across different nodes in distributed quantum architectures plays a pivotal role for different applications. In particular, deterministic, robust, and fast protocols that prepare genuine multipartite entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 G. F. Peñas , J. -J. García-Ripoll , R. Puebla

Many protocols within quantum cryptography, communications, and computing require the ability to generate entangled states as well as spectral qudits. Nonlinear interferometry is a viable way to engineer these complex quantum states of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Cody Charles Payne , Elaganuru Bashaiah , Markus Allgaier

Accurately estimating high-order moments of quantum states is an elementary precondition for many crucial tasks in quantum computing, such as entanglement spectroscopy, entropy estimation, spectrum estimation, and predicting non-linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Benchi Zhao , Mingrui Jing , Lei Zhang , Xuanqiang Zhao , Yu-Ao CHen , Kun Wang , Xin Wang

We explicitly show that the quantum teleportation protocol can be employed to completely reconstruct arbitrary two- and three-qubit density matrices. We also extend the present analysis to n-qubit density matrices. The only quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Gustavo Rigolin

Dense coding is the seminal example of how entanglement can boost qubit communication, from sending one bit to sending two bits. This is made possible by projecting separate particles onto a maximally entangled basis. We investigate more…