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Related papers: Optimizing Metamorphic Testing: Prioritizing Relat…

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Metamorphic testing has recently been used to check the safety of neural NLP models. Its main advantage is that it does not rely on a ground truth to generate test cases. However, existing studies are mostly concerned with robustness-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Edoardo Manino , Julia Rozanova , Danilo Carvalho , Andre Freitas , Lucas Cordeiro

This article discusses the challenges of testing software systems with increasingly integrated AI and LLM functionalities. LLMs are powerful but unreliable, and labeled ground truth for testing rarely scales. Metamorphic Testing solves this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Valerio Terragni

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been deployed in many software systems to assist in various classification tasks. In company with the fantastic effectiveness in classification, DNNs could also exhibit incorrect behaviors and result in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yang Feng , Qingkai Shi , Xinyu Gao , Jun Wan , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Test case prioritization focuses on finding a suitable order of execution of the test cases in a test suite to meet some performance goals like detecting faults early. It is likely that some test cases execute the program parts that are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 S. Panda , D. Munjal , D. P. Mohapatra

Machine learning contrasts with traditional software development in that the oracle is the data, and the data is not always a correct representation of the problem that machine learning tries to model. We present a survey of the oracle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Diogo Seca

With the wide application of machine translation, the testing of Machine Translation Systems (MTSs) has attracted much attention. Recent works apply Metamorphic Testing (MT) to address the oracle problem in MTS testing. Existing MT methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xiaoyuan Xie , Shuo Jin , Songqiang Chen , Shing-Chi Cheung

A test oracle serves as a criterion or mechanism to assess the correspondence between software output and the anticipated behavior for a given input set. In automated testing, black-box techniques, known for their non-intrusive nature in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Boxi Yu , Qiuyang Mang , Qingshuo Guo , Pinjia He

Automated testing is essential for evaluating and improving the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the lack of automated oracles for verifying output correctness remains a key challenge. We present LLMORPH, an automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Steven Cho , Stefano Ruberto , Valerio Terragni

Recently there has been significant progress in the field of dialogue system thanks to the introduction of training paradigms such as fine-tune and prompt learning. Persona can function as the prior knowledge for maintaining the personality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Yanbing Chen , Lin Li , Xiaohui Tao , Dong Zhou

Compiler optimization techniques are inherently complex, and rigorous testing of compiler optimization implementation is critical. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of testing approaches for uncovering incorrect optimization bugs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingwen Wu , Jiajing Zheng , Zhenyu Yang , Zhongxing Yu

Metamorphic Relations (MRs) serve as a foundational mechanism for generating semantically equivalent mutations. Software engineering has advanced significantly in recent years with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Gias Uddin

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is the generalization of standard reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to solve sequential decision making problems that consist of several, possibly conflicting, objectives. Generally, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Xi Chen , Ali Ghadirzadeh , Mårten Björkman , Patric Jensfelt

Text-to-SQL is a task to generate SQL queries from human utterances. However, due to the variation of natural language, two semantically equivalent utterances may appear differently in the lexical level. Likewise, user preferences (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Genetic Algorithms are a popular set of optimization algorithms often used to aid software testing. However, no work has been done to apply systematic software testing techniques to genetic algorithms because of the stochasticity and the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Janette Rounds , Upulee Kanewala

Testability is the probability whether tests will detect a fault, given that a fault in the program exists. How efficiently the faults will be uncovered depends upon the testability of the software. Various researchers have proposed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-16 Sujata Khatri , R. S. Chhillar , V. B. Singh

Continuous integration testing is an important step in the modern software engineering life cycle. Test prioritization is a method that can improve the efficiency of continuous integration testing by selecting test cases that can detect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan , Marius Liaaen

Identifying and selecting high-quality Metamorphic Relations (MRs) is a challenge in Metamorphic Testing (MT). While some techniques for automatically selecting MRs have been proposed, they are either domain-specific or rely on strict…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl , Claus Klammer , Stefan Fischer

Machine learning may enable the automated generation of test oracles. We have characterized emerging research in this area through a systematic literature review examining oracle types, researcher goals, the ML techniques applied, how the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay

Testing has been widely recognised as difficult for AI applications. This paper proposes a set of testing strategies for testing machine learning applications in the framework of the datamorphism testing methodology. In these strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

This paper evaluates the use of metamorphic relations to enhance the robustness and real-world performance of machine learning models. We propose a Metamorphic Retraining Framework, which applies metamorphic relations to data and utilizes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Said Togru , Youssef Sameh Mostafa , Karim Lotfy