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We introduce \emph{self-jailbreaking}, a threat model in which an aligned LLM guides its own compromise. Unlike most jailbreak techniques, which often rely on handcrafted prompts or separate attacker models, self-jailbreaking requires no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Devang Kulshreshtha , Hang Su , Haibo Jin , Chinmay Hegde , Haohan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into consumer and enterprise applications. Despite their capabilities, they remain susceptible to adversarial attacks such as prompt injection and jailbreaks that override alignment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Chetan Pathade

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks poses significant security risks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi , F. D. C. M. Curie

A novel hack involving Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged, exploiting adversarial suffixes to deceive models into generating perilous responses. Such jailbreaks can trick LLMs into providing intricate instructions to a malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Gabriel Alon , Michael Kamfonas

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in a wide range of real-world applications. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies have shown that LLMs are vulnerable to deliberately crafted adversarial prompts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Ye Zhang , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assistance of LLMs has raised the challenge of "jailbreaking",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sibo Yi , Yule Liu , Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Jiaxing Song , Ke Xu , Qi Li

This paper proposes a jailbreaking prompt detection method for large language models (LLMs) to defend against jailbreak attacks. Although recent LLMs are equipped with built-in safeguards, it remains possible to craft jailbreaking prompts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Despite significant ongoing efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and LLaMA 3 remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmful behaviors, including through the use of adversarial suffixes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chongwen Zhao , Zhihao Dou , Kaizhu Huang

Efficient red-teaming method to uncover vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial. While recent attacks often use LLMs as optimizers, the discrete language space make gradient-based methods struggle. We introduce LARGO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ran Li , Hao Wang , Chengzhi Mao

Many recent studies showed that LLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where an attacker can perturb the input of an LLM to induce it to generate an output for a harmful question. In general, existing jailbreak techniques either optimize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yanting Wang , Runpeng Geng , Jinghui Chen , Minhao Cheng , Jinyuan Jia

Many publicly available language models have been safety tuned to reduce the likelihood of toxic or liability-inducing text. To redteam or jailbreak these models for compliance with toxic requests, users and security analysts have developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 T. Ben Thompson , Michael Sklar

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have emerged with astonishing capabilities approaching artificial general intelligence. While providing convenience for various societal needs, LLMs have also lowered the cost of generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zhenhua Wang , Wei Xie , Kai Chen , Baosheng Wang , Zhiwen Gui , Enze Wang

Jailbreak attacks against large language models (LLMs) aim to induce harmful behaviors in LLMs through carefully crafted adversarial prompts. To mitigate attacks, one way is to perform adversarial training (AT)-based alignment, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shaopeng Fu , Liang Ding , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

Large language model (LLM) safety is a critical issue, with numerous studies employing red team testing to enhance model security. Among these, jailbreak methods explore potential vulnerabilities by crafting malicious prompts that induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Honglin Mu , Han He , Yuxin Zhou , Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Xiaoming Shi , Zeming Liu , Xudong Han , Qi Shi , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Extensive work has been devoted to improving the safety mechanism of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, LLMs still tend to generate harmful responses when faced with malicious instructions, a phenomenon referred to as "Jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Ming Ma , Yuhan Chen , Bing Qin

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent and integrated into autonomous systems, ensuring their safety is imperative. Despite significant strides toward safety alignment, recent work GCG~\citep{zou2023universal}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zeyi Liao , Huan Sun

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs) and has evolved into multiple categories: human-based, optimization-based, generation-based, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xunguang Wang , Daoyuan Wu , Zhenlan Ji , Zongjie Li , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang , Yingjiu Li , Yang Liu , Ning Liu , Juergen Rahmel

Large language models (LLMs) have recently experienced tremendous popularity and are widely used from casual conversations to AI-driven programming. However, despite their considerable success, LLMs are not entirely reliable and can give…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jiahao Yu , Xingwei Lin , Zheng Yu , Xinyu Xing