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Feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is thought to be a primary driver of quenching in massive galaxies, but the best way to implement SMBH physics into galaxy formation simulations remains ambiguous. As part of the…

Numerous observations have shown that almost all galaxies in our Universe host supermassive black holes (SMBHs), but there is still much debate about their formation and evolutionary processes. Recently, gravitational waves (GWs) have been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-26 Kazuya Furusawa , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

We run and analyze a suite of high-redshift zoom-in cosmological simulations with varying supernova feedback and supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion prescriptions to study the joint evolution of stellar and SMBH mass in high-redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-07 Ziyong Wu , Renyue Cen , Romain Teyssier

The presence of supermassive black holes at redshift z > 6 raises some questions about their formation and growth in the early universe. Due to the construction of new telescopes like the ELT to observe and detect SMBHs, it will be useful…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 M. Liempi , L. Almonacid , D. R. G. Schleicher , A. Escala

We investigate a hierarchical structure formation scenario describing the evolution of a Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) population. The seeds of the local SMBHs are assumed to be 'pregalactic' black holes, remnants of the first POPIII…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-29 M. Volonteri , F. Haardt , P. Madau , A. Sesana

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the discovery of hundreds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at redshifts $z\gtrsim 4-7$. A non-negligible fraction of these SMBHs are hosted in galaxies with BH-to-galaxy mass ratios…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Haojie Hu , Hiroto Yanagisawa , Moka Nishigaki , Tomokazu Kiyota , Tomoaki Ishiyama , Ken Ohsuga

Since many or most galaxies have central massive black holes (BHs), mergers of galaxies can form massive binary black holes (BBHs). In this paper, we study the evolution of massive BBHs in realistic galaxy models, using a generalization of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Qingjuan Yu

Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have identified an abundant population of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) already in place during the first few hundred million years of cosmic history. Most of them appear…

Growing evidence indicate supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the mass range of $M_{\rm BH}$$\sim 10^6-10^{10}M_{\odot}$ lurking in central bulges of many galaxies. Extensive observations reveal fairly tight power laws of $M_{\rm BH}$…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Yu-Qing Lou , Yan-Fei Jiang

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary systems are unavoidable outcomes of galaxy mergers. Their dynamics encode information about their formation and growth, the composition of their host galactic nuclei, the evolution of galaxies, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Hanxi Wang , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Bence Kocsis

The tight correlations between the masses of supermassive black holes (BHs) and the properties of their host galaxies suggest that BHs coevolve with galaxies. However, what is the link between BH mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and the properties of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-21 Ming-Yang Zhuang , Luis C. Ho

We propose a new evolutionary model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a circumnuclear disk (CND), taking into account the mass-supply from a host galaxy and the physical states of CND. In the model, two distinct accretion modes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Nozomu Kawakatu , Keiichi Wada

The relationship between galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) found in their cores plays a key role in the formation and evolution of both of these major constituents of the universe, as well as the evolution of the intergalactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 S. G. Djorgovski , M. Volonteri , V. Springel , V. Bromm , G. Meylan

We assess models for the assembly of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the center of galaxies that trace their hierarchical build-up far up in the dark halo `merger tree'. We assume that the first `seed' black holes (BHs) formed in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marta Volonteri , Francesco Haardt , Piero Madau

The growth of the supermassive black holes (BHs) that reside at the centres of most galaxies is intertwined with the physical processes that drive the formation of the galaxies themselves. The evolution of the relations between the mass of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 C. M. Booth , Joop Schaye

Supermassive black holes (SMBH) of size $10^{6-10}M_{\odot}$ are common in the Universe and they define the center of the galaxies. A galaxy and the SMBH are generally thought to have co-evolved. However, the SMBH cannot evolve so fast as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-14 Masahiro Morikawa

Presence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with mass $(10^{6}-10^{9}) M_{\odot}$ at $z = 10$ has been recently revealed by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. In this study we generate seeds for the above range of SMBHs in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-02 Nirmali Das , Sanjeev Kalita , Ankita Kakati

Understanding how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) form in the early universe is one of the most challenging problems in astrophysics. Their high abundance in the first billion years, as observed by the James Webb Space Telescope, hints…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-21 Manish Kataria , Kanak Saha , Bruce Elmegreen

We present a theoretical framework for seeding and growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in dark matter halos along their assembly histories. Seeds are bred out of Pop-III stars formed during the first collapse of pristine gas in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Yangyao Chen , Houjun Mo , Huiyuan Wang

We investigate the evolution of supermassive black hole mass (M_BH) and the host spheroid mass (M_sph) in order to track the history of the M_BH-M_sph relationship. The typical mass increase of M_BH is calculated by a continuity equation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Shota Kisaka , Yasufumi Kojima