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Related papers: Theoretical Analysis of Byte-Pair Encoding

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We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains eleven language pairs, with human labels for up to 10,000 translations per language pair in the…

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding optimizes output selection by maximizing the expected utility value of an underlying human distribution. While prior work has shown the effectiveness of MBR decoding through empirical evaluation, few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Kaito Ariu , Tetsuro Morimura , Eiji Uchibe

End-to-end image and video compression using auto-encoders (AE) offers new appealing perspectives in terms of rate-distortion gains and applications. While most complex models are on par with the latest compression standard like VVC/H.266…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Franck Galpin , Muhammet Balcilar , Frédéric Lefebvre , Fabien Racapé , Pierre Hellier

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving codes that have explicit and low-complexity construction, encoding, and decoding algorithms. Decoding of polar codes is based on the successive-cancellation decoder, which decodes in a bit-…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Boaz Shuval , Ido Tal

In this article we define a new information theoretical quantity for any bipartite mixed state $\rho_{AB}$. We call it the \textit{balanced partial entanglement} (BPE). The BPE is the partial entanglement entropy, which is an integral of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-10 Qiang Wen

The pre-trained language models have achieved great successes in various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks due to its capacity to capture the deep contextualized information in text by pre-training on large-scale corpora. One of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Junqiu Wei , Qun Liu , Yinpeng Guo , Xin Jiang

Tokenisation is an integral part of the current NLP pipeline. Current tokenisation algorithms such as BPE and Unigram are greedy algorithms -- they make locally optimal decisions without considering the resulting vocabulary as a whole. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jan Tempus , Philip Whittington , Craig W. Schmidt , Dennis Komm , Tiago Pimentel

In this paper we wish to introduce a method to reconstruct large size Welch Bound Equality (WBE) codes from small size WBE codes. The advantage of these codes is that the implementation of ML decoder for the large size codes is reduced to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-07 Mohammad Javad Faraji , Pedram Pad , Farokh Marvasti

We study the problems of finding a shortest synchronizing word and its length for a given prefix code. This is done in two different settings: when the code is defined by an arbitrary decoder recognizing its star and when the code is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Andrew Ryzhikov , Marek Szykuła

Consider the problem of identifying a massive number of bees, uniquely labeled with barcodes, using noisy measurements. We formally introduce this `bee-identification problem', define its error exponent, and derive efficiently computable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Anshoo Tandon , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Lav R. Varshney

We prove that, for the binary erasure channel (BEC), the polar-coding paradigm gives rise to codes that not only approach the Shannon limit but do so under the best possible scaling of their block length as a~function of the gap to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Arman Fazeli , S. Hamed Hassani , Marco Mondelli , Alexander Vardy

Phased burst errors (PBEs) are bursts of errors occurring at one or more known locations. The correction of PBEs is a classical topic in coding theory, with prominent applications such as the design of array codes for memory systems or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sebastian Bitzer , Andrea Di Giusto , Alberto Ravagnani , Eitan Yaakobi

Existing works are dedicated to untangling atomized numerical components (features) from the hidden states of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, they typically rely on autoencoders constrained by some training-time regularization on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hakaze Cho , Haolin Yang , Yanshu Li , Brian M. Kurkoski , Naoya Inoue

Quantum optimization has gained increasing attention as advances in quantum hardware enable the exploration of problem instances approaching real-world scale. Among existing approaches, variational quantum algorithms and quantum annealing…

Temporal action abstractions, along with belief state representations, are a powerful knowledge sharing mechanism for sequential decision making. In this work, we propose a novel view that treats inducing temporal action abstractions as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ruijie Zheng , Ching-An Cheng , Hal Daumé , Furong Huang , Andrey Kolobov

The Run Length Encoding (RLE) compression method is a long standing simple lossless compression scheme which is easy to implement and achieves a good compression on input data which contains repeating consecutive symbols. In its pure form…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Sven Fiergolla , Petra Wolf

Positional Encodings (PEs) are used to inject word-order information into transformer-based language models. While they can significantly enhance the quality of sentence representations, their specific contribution to language models is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Lihu Chen , Gaël Varoquaux , Fabian M. Suchanek

We present a large-scale comparative study of 242 Latin and Cyrillic-script languages using subword-based methodologies. By constructing 'glottosets' from Wikipedia lexicons, we introduce a framework for simultaneous cross-linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Iaroslav Chelombitko , Mika Hämäläinen , Aleksey Komissarov

BM compression is a straightforward and operable way to reduce buffer message length as well as to improve system performance. In this paper, we thoroughly discuss the principles and protocol progress of different compression schemes, and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2011-09-02 Chunxi Li , Changjia Chen , DahMing Chiu

Subword tokenization has become the prevailing standard in the field of natural language processing (NLP) over recent years, primarily due to the widespread utilization of pre-trained language models. This shift began with Byte-Pair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yanis Labrak , Adrien Bazoge , Beatrice Daille , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour