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We present Spider, a large-scale, complex and cross-domain semantic parsing and text-to-SQL dataset annotated by 11 college students. It consists of 10,181 questions and 5,693 unique complex SQL queries on 200 databases with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Tao Yu , Rui Zhang , Kai Yang , Michihiro Yasunaga , Dongxu Wang , Zifan Li , James Ma , Irene Li , Qingning Yao , Shanelle Roman , Zilin Zhang , Dragomir Radev

Large language models revolutionize Text2SQL through supervised fine-tuning, yet a crucial limitation is overlooked: the complexity of databases leads to an increased context length, consequently resulting in higher GPU memory demands for…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Wen Wuzhenghong , Zhang Yongpan , Pan Su , Sun Yuwei , Lu Pengwei , Ding Cheng

In-context learning (ICL) is an appealing approach for semantic parsing due to its few-shot nature and improved generalization. However, learning to parse to rare domain-specific languages (DSLs) from just a few demonstrations is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Ben Bogin , Shivanshu Gupta , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

Long-context large language models (LLMs) are able to process inputs containing up to several million tokens. In the scope of in-context learning (ICL), this translates into using hundreds/thousands of demonstrations in the input prompt,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shahriar Golchin , Yanfei Chen , Rujun Han , Manan Gandhi , Tianli Yu , Swaroop Mishra , Mihai Surdeanu , Rishabh Agarwal , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Robust text-to-SQL over complex, real-world databases remains brittle even with modern LLMs: iterative refinement often introduces syntactic and semantic drift, corrections tend to be non-transferable across queries, and naive use of large…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Isabelle Mohr , Joao Gandarela , John Dujany , Andre Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) enable state-of-the-art semantic capabilities to be added to software systems such as semantic search of unstructured documents and text generation. However, these models are computationally expensive. At scale,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zafaryab Rasool , Scott Barnett , David Willie , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sherwin Balugo , Srikanth Thudumu , Mohamed Abdelrazek

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Text-to-SQL generation, allowing users to query structured data using natural language with growing ease. Yet, real-world deployment remains challenging, especially in complex or unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Smit Jivani , Sarvam Maheshwari , Sunita Sarawagi

Generating structural query language (SQL) queries from natural language is a long-standing open problem. Answering a natural language question about a database table requires modeling complex interactions between the columns of the table…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Tong Guo , Huilin Gao

Generative Information Retrieval is an emerging retrieval paradigm that exhibits remarkable performance in monolingual scenarios.However, applying these methods to multilingual retrieval still encounters two primary challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuxin Huang , Simeng Wu , Ran Song , Yan Xiang , Yantuan Xian , Shengxiang Gao , Zhengtao Yu

In-Context Learning (ICL) has become a powerful paradigm that enables LLMs to perform a wide range of tasks without task-specific fine-tuning. However, the effectiveness of ICL heavily depends on the quality of exemplar selection. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jiaqian Li , Qisheng Hu , Jing Li , Wenya Wang

We present a sequence-to-action parsing approach for the natural language to SQL task that incrementally fills the slots of a SQL query with feasible actions from a pre-defined inventory. To account for the fact that typically there are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Tianze Shi , Kedar Tatwawadi , Kaushik Chakrabarti , Yi Mao , Oleksandr Polozov , Weizhu Chen

Several recently devised machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown improved accuracy for various predictive problems. Model searches, which explore to find an optimal ML algorithm and hyperparameter values for the target problem, play a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Yoshiki Takahashi , Masato Asahara , Kazuyuki Shudo

Text-to-SQL is a task that converts a natural language question into a structured query language (SQL) to retrieve information from a database. Large language models (LLMs) work well in natural language generation tasks, but they are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Pancheng Wang , Zhihua Wen , Kang Yang , Ting Wang

SQL-to-Text generation aims at translating structured SQL queries into natural language descriptions, thereby facilitating comprehension of complex database operations for non-technical users. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sriom Chakrabarti , Chuangtao Ma , Arijit Khan , Sebastian Link

Text-to-SQL over large analytical databases requires navigating complex schemas, resolving ambiguous queries, and grounding decisions in actual data. Most current systems follow a fixed pipeline where schema elements are retrieved once…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Quang Hieu Pham , Yang He , Ping Nie , Canwen Xu , Davood Rafiei , Yuepeng Wang , Xi Ye , Jocelyn Qiaochu Chen

The improvement in translating natural language to structured query language (SQL) can be attributed to the advancements in large language models (LLMs). Open-source LLMs, tailored for specific database dialects such as MySQL, have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhisheng Lin , Yifu Liu , Zhiling Luo , Jinyang Gao , Yu Li

Most deep learning approaches for text-to-SQL generation are limited to the WikiSQL dataset, which only supports very simple queries. Recently, template-based and sequence-to-sequence approaches were proposed to support complex queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Dongjun Lee , Jaesik Yoon , Jongyun Song , Sanggil Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation, particularly in one-pass code generation. However, most existing approaches focus solely on generating code in a single programming language, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tengfei Xue , Xuefeng Li , Tahir Azim , Roman Smirnov , Jianhui Yu , Arash Sadrieh , Babak Pahlavan

This study presents a comparative analysis of the a complex SQL benchmark, TPC-DS, with two existing text-to-SQL benchmarks, BIRD and Spider. Our findings reveal that TPC-DS queries exhibit a significantly higher level of structural…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Limin Ma , Ken Pu , Ying Zhu

Recently, context-dependent text-to-SQL semantic parsing which translates natural language into SQL in an interaction process has attracted a lot of attention. Previous works leverage context-dependence information either from interaction…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Yanzhao Zheng , Haibin Wang , Baohua Dong , Xingjun Wang , Changshan Li
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