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Concurrency has been rapidly gaining importance in general-purpose computing, caused by the recent turn towards multicore processing architectures. As a result, an increasing number of developers have to learn to write concurrent programs,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Sebastian Nanz , Faraz Torshizi , Michela Pedroni , Bertrand Meyer

Existing large language model (LLM) evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on English, while current multilingual tasks lack parallel questions that specifically assess cross-linguistic reasoning abilities. This dual limitation makes it…

Context: An increasing number of software systems are written in multiple programming languages (PLs), which are called multi-programming-language (MPL) systems. MPL bugs (MPLBs) refers to the bugs whose resolution involves multiple PLs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zengyang Li , Jiabao Ji , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu

Software libraries are central to the functionality, security, and maintainability of modern code. As developers increasingly turn to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist with programming tasks, understanding how these models recommend…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

One of the most important issues in the path to the convergence of HPC and Big Data is caused by the differences in their software stacks. Despite some research efforts, the interoperability between their programming models and languages is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-25 César Piñeiro , Juan C. Pichel

As software grows increasingly complex, the quantity and diversity of concerns to be addressed also rises. To answer this diversity of concerns, developers may end up using multiple programming languages in a single software project, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Philémon Houdaille , Djamel Eddine Khelladi , Benoit Combemale , Gunter Mussbacher , Tijs van der Storm

With the advent of open source software, a veritable treasure trove of previously proprietary software development data was made available. This opened the field of empirical software engineering research to anyone in academia. Data that is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Adam Tutko , Austin Z. Henley , Audris Mockus

Large-scale software development has become a highly collaborative and geographically distributed endeavour, especially in open-source software development ecosystems and their associated developer communities. It has given rise to modern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Mairieli Wessel , Tom Mens , Alexandre Decan , Pooya Rostami Mazrae

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in the software engineering community. Nowadays developers have the possibility to exploit these models through industrial-grade tools providing a handy interface toward LLMs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Rosalia Tufano , Antonio Mastropaolo , Federica Pepe , Ozren Dabić , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

The rapid advancement of code large language models (LLMs) has sparked significant research interest in systematically evaluating their code generation capabilities, yet existing benchmarks predominantly assess models at a single structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Fanglin Xu , Wei Zhang , Jian Yang , Guo Chen , Aishan Liu , Zhoujun Li , Xianglong Liu , Bryan Dai

Sometimes debates on programming languages are more religious than scientific. Questions about which language is more succinct or efficient, or makes developers more productive are discussed with fervor, and their answers are too often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Sebastian Nanz , Carlo A. Furia

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

Motivation: Code understandability is crucial in software development, as developers spend 58% to 70% of their time reading source code. Improving it can improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs. Problem: Experimental studies often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Santos , Benedito de Oliveira , Martin Monperrus , Fernando Castor , Fernanda Madeiral

Library migration happens when a library can not meet the project's requirements and is non-trivial to accomplish. To mitigate the problem, substantial efforts have been devoted to understanding its characteristics and recommending…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haiqiao Gu , Yiliang Zhao , Kai Gao , Minghui Zhou

Effective communication is a critical factor in successful software engineering collaboration. However, communication gaps remain a persistent challenge, often leading to misunderstandings, inefficiencies, and defects. This research…

Language models (LMs) built upon deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated breakthrough effectiveness in software engineering tasks such as code generation, completion, and repair. This has paved the way for the emergence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Jingzhi Gong , Vardan Voskanyan , Paul Brookes , Fan Wu , Wei Jie , Jie Xu , Rafail Giavrimis , Mike Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Zheng Wang

Multilingual programming, which involves using multiple programming languages (PLs) in a single project, is increasingly common due to its benefits. However, it introduces cross-language bugs (CLBs), which arise from interactions between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zengyang Li , Yimeng Li , Binbin Huang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Yutao Ma

Background. The rapid and growing popularity of machine learning (ML) applications has led to an increasing interest in MLOps, that is, the practice of continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) of ML-enabled systems. Aims. Since changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fabio Calefato , Filippo Lanubile , Luigi Quaranta

Using libraries in applications has helped developers reduce the costs of reinventing already existing code. However, an increase in diverse technology stacks and third-party library usage has led developers to inevitably switch…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Kanchanok Kannee , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai , Kenichi Matsumoto

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang