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The causal structure of a unitary transformation is the set of relations of possible influence between any input subsystem and any output subsystem. We study whether such causal structure can be understood in terms of compositional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Robin Lorenz , Jonathan Barrett

Progress in the new information-theoretic process physics is reported in which the link to the phenomenology of general relativity is made. In process physics the fundamental assumption is that reality is to be modelled as self-organising…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Reginald T. Cahill

Universal quantum entangling gates are a crucial building block in the large-scale quantum computation and quantum communication, and it is an important task to find simple ways to implement them. Here an effective quantum circuit for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Wen-Qiang Liu , Hai-Rui Wei , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Quantum causality is an emerging field of study which has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of quantum systems. In this paper, we put forth a theoretical framework for merging quantum information science and causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Vaneet Aggarwal , Zubin Jacob

We propose a theory of characterizing quantum circuits with qubit functional configurations. Any quantum circuit can be decomposed into alternating sequences of 1-qubit unitary gates and CNOT gates. Each CNOT sequence prepares the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Zixuan Hu , Sabre Kais

Quantum field theory (QFT) in classical spacetime has revealed interesting and puzzling aspects about gravitational systems, in particular black hole thermodynamics and its information processing. Although quantum gravitational effects may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Ding Jia

A process model of quantum mechanics utilizes a combinatorial game to generate a discrete and finite causal space upon which can be defined a self-consistent quantum mechanics. An emergent space-time M and continuous wave function arise…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 William Sulis

Active quantum error correction has been identified as a crucial ingredient of future quantum computers, motivating the recent experimental efforts to encode logical quantum bits using small topological codes. In addition to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 M. Gutiérrez , M. Müller , A. Bermudez

Quantum computing has been moving from a theoretical phase to practical one, presenting daunting challenges in implementing physical qubits, which are subjected to noises from the surrounding environment. These quantum noises are ubiquitous…

Quantum information processing is the emerging field that defines and realizes computing devices that make use of quantum mechanical principles, like the superposition principle, entanglement, and interference. In this review we study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Harry Buhrman , Richard Cleve , Serge Massar , Ronald de Wolf

We present current theories about the structure of space and time, where the building blocks are some fundamental entities (yes-no experiment, quantum processes, spin net-work, preparticles) that do not presuppose the existence of space and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Lorente

We study how to implement and transform frame perspectives for quantum processes in the process-matrix formalism. We argue that, for pure processes, the causal reference frames (CRF)and time-delocalized subsystems (TDS) formalisms should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Luca Apadula , Alexei Grinbaum , Časlav Brukner

The paradigm behind digital quantum computing inherits the idea of using binary information processing. Nature in fact gives much more rich structures of physical objects that can be used for encoding information, which is especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Anastasiia S. Nikolaeva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

In this work we propose a novel numerical approach to decompose general quantum programs in terms of single- and two-qubit quantum gates with a $CNOT$ gate count very close to the current theoretical lower bounds. In particular, it turns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Péter Rakyta , Zoltán Zimborás

One of the key ways in which quantum mechanics differs from relativity is that it requires a fixed background reference frame for spacetime. In fact, this appears to be one of the main conceptual obstacles to uniting the two theories.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Lachlan Parker , Fabio Costa

We propose an approach to quantum theory based on the energetic causal sets, introduced in Cort\^{e}s and Smolin (2013). Fundamental processes are causal sets whose events carry momentum and energy, which are transmitted along causal links…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-22 Marina Cortês , Lee Smolin

Decompositional theories describe the ways in which a global physical system can be split into subsystems, facilitating the study of how different possible partitions of a same system interplay, e.g. in terms of inclusions or signalling. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Augustin Vanrietvelde , Octave Mestoudjian , Pablo Arrighi

The fundamental dynamics of quantum particles is neutral with respect to the arrow of time. And yet, our experiments are not: we observe quantum systems evolving from the past to the future, but not the other way round. A fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Giulio Chiribella , Zixuan Liu

Process theories provide a powerful framework for describing compositional structures across diverse fields, from quantum mechanics to computational linguistics. Traditionally, they have been formalized using symmetric monoidal categories…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-12 John H. Selby , Maria E. Stasinou , Matt Wilson , Bob Coecke

A quantum computer has the potential to effciently solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Constructing a large-scale quantum processor, however, is challenging due to errors and noise inherent in real-world quantum…