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This paper delves into the pressing need in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs possess remarkable capabilities, their extensive parameter requirements and associated computational demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Chengyu Wang , Junbing Yan , Wei Zhang , Jun Huang

The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Niall Taylor , Upamanyu Ghose , Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Andrey Kormilitzin , David Clifton , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

As FMs drive progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), fine-tuning them under privacy and resource constraints has become increasingly critical particularly when highquality training data resides on distributed edge devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Pengfei Wu , Nan Wang

Transformer-based large pre-trained models have shown remarkable generalization ability, and various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have been proposed to customize these models on downstream tasks with minimal computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zichen Miao , Wei Chen , Qiang Qiu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a widely adopted strategy for adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, significantly reducing memory and computational costs. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinyi Wang , Lirong Gao , Haobo Wang , Yiming Zhang , Junbo Zhao

The popularity of pre-trained large models has revolutionized downstream tasks across diverse fields, such as language, vision, and multi-modality. To minimize the adaption cost for downstream tasks, many Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yiwen Tang , Ray Zhang , Zoey Guo , Dong Wang , Zhigang Wang , Bin Zhao , Xuelong Li

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a practical solution for adapting large foundation models to downstream tasks, reducing computational and memory costs by updating only a small subset of parameters. Among them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Guoan Wan , Tianyu Chen , Fangzheng Feng , Haoyi Zhou , Runhua Xu

The latest developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have demonstrated remarkable progress in a code-text retrieval problem. As the Transformer-based models used in this task continue to increase in size, the computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Karim Galliamov , Leila Khaertdinova , Karina Denisova

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a primary solution for reducing the computational cost of Large Language Models. In this work, we analyze their scaling properties, incorporating an expanded range of variables. Specifically,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) emerging as a key technique for downstream task adaptation. However, existing PEFT methods mainly operate in Euclidean space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Buze Zhang , Jinkai Tao , Zilang Zeng , Neil He , Ali Maatouk , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approach has demonstrated outstanding scalability in multi-task learning including low-level upstream tasks such as concurrent removal of multiple adverse weather effects. However, the conventional MoE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Rongyu Zhang , Yulin Luo , Jiaming Liu , Huanrui Yang , Zhen Dong , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Yuan Du , Shanghang Zhang

The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li

Pre-training has proven effective in addressing data scarcity and performance limitations in solving PDE problems with neural operators. However, challenges remain due to the heterogeneity of PDE datasets in equation types, which leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Hong Wang , Haiyang Xin , Jie Wang , Xuanze Yang , Fei Zha , Huanshuo Dong , Yan Jiang

Parameter Efficient Finetuning (PEFT) has emerged as a viable solution for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without requiring massive resources and compute. Prior work on multilingual evaluation has shown that there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Ishaan Watts , Sunayana Sitaram

Full fine-tuning is a popular approach to adapt Transformer-based pre-trained large language models to a specific downstream task. However, the substantial requirements for computational power and storage have discouraged its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Samir Arora , Liangliang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance on diverse downstream and domain-specific tasks via parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). However, existing PEFT methods, particularly MoE-LoRA architectures, suffer from limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Zhenxuan Fan , Zhuonan Wang , Tianwei Lin , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Feifei Shao , Hongwei Wang , Jun Xiao , Siliang Tang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the computational overhead of Transformer architectures by sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token while preserving high model capacity. This paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dohwan Ko , Jinyoung Park , Seoung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Seohyun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoze He , Xingyuan Ding , Xuan Jiang , Xinkai Zou , Alex Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Juncheng Billy Li , Heather Miller

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a popular way to adapt large pre-trained models to new tasks. Most PEFT methods update only a small subset of parameters while freezing the rest, avoiding redundant computation. As they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sungmin Kang , Jisoo Kim , Salman Avestimehr , Sunwoo Lee

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have become the de facto starting point for fine-tuning on downstream tasks. However, as model sizes continue to increase, traditional fine-tuning of all the parameters becomes challenging. To address this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Bharat Runwal , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen
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