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The ongoing energy transition challenges the stability of the electrical power system. Stable operation of the electrical power grid requires both the voltage (amplitude) and the frequency to stay within operational bounds. While much…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-07 Eder Batista Tchawou Tchuisseu , Eric-Donald Ndogmo , Pavel Procházka , Paul Woafo , Pere Colet , Benjamin Schäfer

We propose a method for determining the most likely cause, in terms of conventional generator outages and renewable fluctuations, of power system frequency reaching a predetermined level that is deemed unacceptable to the system operator.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Brendan Patch , Bert Zwart

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

The majority of dynamical studies in power systems focus on the high voltage transmission grids where models consider large generators interacting with crude aggregations of individual small loads. However, new phenomena have been observed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-12 Charlie Duclut , Scott Backhaus , Michael Chertkov

This study proposes a control strategy to ensure the safe operation of modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) within an optimal operation framework. The objective is to obtain operating points that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Francesca Rossi , Juan Carlos Olives-Camps , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

This paper proposes a systematic framework to assess the small-signal stability of power systems with high shares of grid-following inverter-based resources (IBRs) under varying controller parameters and operating conditions. Stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Francesco Conte , Fernando Mancilla-David , Federico Silvestro , Samuele Grillo

Synchronous generators and inverter-based resources are complex systems with dynamics that cut across multiple intertwined physical domains and control loops. Modeling individual generators and inverters is, in itself, a very involved…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 D. Venkatramanan , Manish K. Singh , Olaolu Ajala , Alejandro Dominguez-Garcia , Sairaj Dhople

Having sufficient grid-forming sources is one of the necessary conditions to guarantee the stability in a power system hosting a very large share of inverter-based generation. The grid-forming function has been historically fulfilled by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Dorsan Lepour , Mario Paolone , Guillaume Denis , Carmen Cardozo , Thibault Prevost , Emeline Guiu

Transients of a grid-synchronized voltage source converter (VSC) are closely related to over- currents and voltages occurred under large disturbances (e.g. a grid fault). Previous analysis in evaluating these transients usually neglect the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Chen Zhang , Marta Molinas , Xu Cai , Atle Rygg

This paper developed a novel control approach for the sparse and safe frequency regulation for inverter intensive microgrids (MGs). In the scenario, the inverters and external grids are expected to reach a synchronized desired frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Junhui Zhang , Lizhi Ding , Xiaonan Lu , Wenyuan Tang

The highly fluctuated renewable generations and electric vehicles have undergone tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of them are connected to the grid via power electronic devices, resulting in wide variation ranges for several…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Likai Liu , Zechun Hu , Asad Mujeeb

Parametric frequency converters (PFCs) play a critical role in bridging the frequency gap between quantum information carriers. PFCs in the microwave band are particularly important for superconducting quantum processors, but their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Yufeng Wu , Chaofan Wang , Danqing Wang , Mingrui Xu , Yiyu Zhou , Hong X. Tang

This paper analyzes how power injections affect frequency quality in power systems. We first derive a general expression linking active and reactive power injections at buses to the system's frequency. This formulation explicitly considers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Angel Vaca , Federico Milano

With the emergence of low-inertia microgrids powered by inverter-based generation, there remains a concern about the operational resilience of these systems. Grid-forming inverters (GFMs), enabled by various device-level (primary) and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Alok Kumar Bharati , Subhrajit Sinha , Soumya Kundu , Veronica Adetola , Kevin Schneider

A fast and highly efficient frequency modulation at a high power level is described. The system incorporates ferroelectric phase shifters and a magic-T or a circulator. A magnetron may be considered as a potential application. The magnetron…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Ilan Ben-Zvi , Nicholas Shipman

Converter-interfaced power sources (CIPS) are hybrid control systems as they may switch between multiple operating modes. Due to increasing penetration, the hybrid behavior of CIPS, such as, wind turbine generators (WTG), may have…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Yichen Zhang , Kevin Tomsovic , Seddik M. Djouadi , Hector Pulgar-Painemal

This paper investigates how grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) control strategies in inverter-based resources (IBRs) influence line distance and differential protection in converter-dominated transmission systems. A modified IEEE…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Andrés E. Quintero , Vinícius A. Lacerda , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt , Moisés J. B. B. Davi , Mario Oleskovicz

In a power grid with growing penetrations of renewable energy sources, inverters play a larger role in the dynamic interactions among network components. However, much is yet to be studied regarding inverter-dominated grid stability. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-22 Ruth Kravis , Gabriel Colon-Reyes , Duncan Callaway

We propose a decentralized framework to analytically guarantee the small-signal stability of future power systems with grid-forming converters. Our approach leverages dynamic loop-shifting techniques to compensate for the lack of passivity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler , Steven Low

With an increasing share of renewable energy sources, accurate and efficient modeling of grid-forming inverters is becoming crucial for system stability. Linear methods are a powerful tool for understanding dynamics close to an operating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Jakob Niehues , Anna Büttner , Anne Riegler , Frank Hellmann