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This paper identifies and tackles the challenges of the requirements engineering discipline when applied to development of AI-based complex systems. Due to their complex behaviour, there is an immanent need for a tailored development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Hrvoje Belani , Marin Vuković , Željka Car

Requirement Engineering (RE) is the foundation of successful software development. In RE, the goal is to ensure that implemented systems satisfy stakeholder needs through rigorous requirements elicitation, validation, and evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mateen Ahmed Abbasi , Petri Ihantola , Tommi Mikkonen , Niko Mäkitalo

This paper proposes a software repository model together with associated tooling and consists of several complex, open-source GUI driven applications ready to be used in empirical software research. We start by providing the rationale for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Arthur-Jozsef Molnar

As increasingly powerful generative AI systems are developed, the release method greatly varies. We propose a framework to assess six levels of access to generative AI systems: fully closed; gradual or staged access; hosted access;…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Irene Solaiman

Artificial Intelligence (AI) incorporating genetic and medical information have been applied in disease risk prediction, unveiling disease mechanism, and advancing therapeutics. However, AI training relies on highly sensitive and private…

Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) proposes a framework that holds all stakeholders involved in the development of AI to be responsible for their systems. It, however, fails to accommodate the possibility of holding AI responsible per…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Gabriel Lima , Meeyoung Cha

Generative Retrieval (GR) is an emerging paradigm in information retrieval that leverages generative models to directly map queries to relevant document identifiers (DocIDs) without the need for traditional query processing or document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tzu-Lin Kuo , Tzu-Wei Chiu , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Sheng-Yang Wu , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Through a systematic review of academic literature, we propose a taxonomy of systemic risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI), in particular general-purpose AI. Following the EU AI Act's definition, we consider systemic risks as…

While artificial intelligence (AI) has become widespread, many commercial AI systems are not yet accessible to individual researchers nor the general public due to the deep knowledge of the systems required to use them. We believe that AI…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems impose substantial and growing environmental costs, yet transparency about these impacts has declined even as their deployment has accelerated. This paper makes three contributions. First, we collate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kai Ebert , Boris Gamazaychikov , Philipp Hacker , Sasha Luccioni

Effective backlog management is critical for ensuring that development teams remain aligned with evolving requirements and stakeholder expectations. However, as product backlogs consistently grow in scale and complexity, they tend to become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kasper Lien Oftebro , Anh Nguyen-Duc , Kai-Kristian Kemell

As generative AI (GAI) becomes more integrated into higher education, universities are actively exploring its governance and issuing guidelines to promote responsible use, reflecting varied stages of adoption and orientations. This study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ming Li , Qin Xie , Ariunaa Enkhtur , Shuoyang Meng , Lilan Chen , Beverley Anne Yamamoto , Fei Cheng , Masayuki Murakami

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are gaining traction in enterprise settings, yet stringent data protection regulations prevent many organizations from using cloud-based services, necessitating on-premises deployments. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nicolas Weeger , Jakob Winkler , Annika Stiehl , Jóakim von Kistowski , Christian Uhl , Stefan Geißelsöder

General-purpose AI evaluations have been proposed as a promising way of identifying and mitigating systemic risks posed by AI development and deployment. While GPAI evaluations play an increasingly central role in institutional decision-…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Patricia Paskov , Lukas Berglund , Everett Smith , Lisa Soder

Taxonomy is formulated as directed acyclic concepts graphs or trees that support many downstream tasks. Many new coming concepts need to be added to an existing taxonomy. The traditional taxonomy expansion task aims only at finding the best…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Zhouhong Gu , Sihang Jiang , Jingping Liu , Yanghua Xiao , Hongwei Feng , Zhixu Li , Jiaqing Liang , Jian Zhong

Objective: Information retrieval (IR, also known as search) systems are ubiquitous in modern times. How does the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), based on large language models (LLMs), fit into the IR process? Process:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 William R. Hersh

As generative AI systems become widely adopted, they enable unprecedented creation levels of synthetic data across text, images, audio, and video modalities. While research has addressed the energy consumption of model training and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vanessa Utz

Over the past decade, policymakers have developed a set of regulatory tools to ensure AI development aligns with key societal goals. Many of these tools were initially developed in response to concerns with task-specific AI and therefore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jennifer Wang , Andrew Selbst , Solon Barocas , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

The rapid development of GenAI technologies is transforming learning, assessment, and academic production in higher education. Despite increasing student adoption, many institutions lack operational mechanisms to systematically align…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Michael Neumann , Lasse Bischof , Maria Rauschenberger , Eva-Maria Schön

To provide AI researchers with modern tools for dealing with the explosive growth of the research literature in their field, we introduce a new platform, AI Research Navigator, that combines classical keyword search with neural retrieval to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Marzieh Fadaee , Olga Gureenkova , Fernando Rejon Barrera , Carsten Schnober , Wouter Weerkamp , Jakub Zavrel
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