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Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate biased responses. Yet previous direct probing techniques contain either gender mentions or predefined gender stereotypes, which are challenging to comprehensively collect. Hence, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiangjue Dong , Yibo Wang , Philip S. Yu , James Caverlee

Speech Language Models (SLMs) have made significant progress in spoken language understanding. Yet it remains unclear whether they can fully perceive non lexical vocal cues alongside spoken words, and respond with empathy that aligns with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Li Zhou , Lutong Yu , You Lyu , Yihang Lin , Zefeng Zhao , Junyi Ao , Yuhao Zhang , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

This paper investigates the capability of LLMs in storytelling, focusing on narrative development and plot progression. We introduce a novel computational framework to analyze narratives through three discourse-level aspects: i) story arcs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yufei Tian , Tenghao Huang , Miri Liu , Derek Jiang , Alexander Spangher , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Nanyun Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly criticized for not understanding language. However, many critiques focus on cognitive abilities that, in humans, are distinct from language processing. Here, we instead study a kind of understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Joseph M. Denning , Xiaohan Hannah Guo , Bryor Snefjella , Idan A. Blank

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) with assertions to mitigate imbalances in educational datasets. Traditional models often fall short in such contexts, particularly due to the complexity and nuanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jeanne McClure , Machi Shimmei , Noboru Matsuda , Shiyan Jiang

Recent researches indicate that Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) possess cognitive constructs similar to those observed in humans, prompting researchers to investigate the cognitive aspects of LLMs. This paper focuses on explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Dongming Zhao , Kun Huang , Yan Wang , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have extended human-machine interactions from the text modality to the dynamic speech domain. Spoken dialogues convey diverse information, including semantic concepts, acoustic variations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Hongcheng Liu , Yiqi Li , Yixuan Hou , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

The handling of probabilities in the form of uncertainty or partial information is an essential task for LLMs in many settings and applications. A common approach to evaluate an LLM's probabilistic reasoning capabilities is to assess its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Manuel Mondal , Ljiljana Dolamic , Gérôme Bovet , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux , Julien Audiffren

As interest in using Large Language Models for interactive and emotionally rich experiences grows, virtual pet companionship emerges as a novel yet underexplored application. Existing approaches focus on basic pet role-playing interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongcheng Guo , Zheyong Xie , Shaosheng Cao , Boyang Wang , Weiting Liu , Zheyu Ye , Zhoujun Li , Zuozhu Liu , Wei Lu

Human acceptance of social robots is greatly effected by empathy and perceived understanding. This necessitates accurate and flexible responses to various input data from the user. While systems such as this can become increasingly complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jordan Sinclair , Christopher Reardon

Once language models (LMs) are deployed, they can interact with users long-term, ideally evolving based on their feedback. Asking for direct user feedback can be disruptive; thus, we study harvesting implicit user feedback from user-LM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yuhan Liu , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit any forms of awareness similar to humans? In this paper, we introduce AwareBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate awareness in LLMs. Drawing from theories in psychology and philosophy, we define…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Yuli Lin , Siyuan Wu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

Large language models (LLMs) can underpin AI assistants that help users with everyday tasks, such as by making recommendations or performing basic computation. Despite AI assistants' promise, little is known about the implicit values these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Arjun Arunasalam , Madison Pickering , Z. Berkay Celik , Blase Ur

Large language models (LLMs) can pass explicit social bias tests but still harbor implicit biases, similar to humans who endorse egalitarian beliefs yet exhibit subtle biases. Measuring such implicit biases can be a challenge: as LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xuechunzi Bai , Angelina Wang , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various natural language processing tasks by acquiring rich factual knowledge from their broad training data, their ability to synthesize and logically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianshi Zheng , Jiaxin Bai , Yicheng Wang , Tianqing Fang , Yue Guo , Yauwai Yim , Yangqiu Song

We introduce a dynamic benchmarking system for conversational agents that evaluates their performance through a single, simulated, and lengthy user$\leftrightarrow$agent interaction. The interaction is a conversation between the user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 David Castillo-Bolado , Joseph Davidson , Finlay Gray , Marek Rosa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multimodal tasks, without any multimodal finetuning. They are the building block for Large Multimodal Models, yet, we still lack a proper understanding of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord

We present AraLingBench: a fully human annotated benchmark for evaluating the Arabic linguistic competence of large language models (LLMs). The benchmark spans five core categories: grammar, morphology, spelling, reading comprehension, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Sina Mukalled , Nadine Rizk , Fatima Karnib , Issam Lakkis , Ammar Mohanna , Bernard Ghanem

Large Language Models (LLMs) do not differentially represent numbers, which are pervasive in text. In contrast, neuroscience research has identified distinct neural representations for numbers and words. In this work, we investigate how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Raj Sanjay Shah , Vijay Marupudi , Reba Koenen , Khushi Bhardwaj , Sashank Varma