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Let $V$ be a $C_2$-cofinite vertex operator algebra without nonzero elements of negative weights. We prove the conjecture that the spaces spanned by analytic extensions of pseudo-$q$-traces ($q=e^{2\pi i\tau}$) shifted by $-\frac{c}{24}$ of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Yi-Zhi Huang

Every four-dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal field theory comes equipped with an intricate algebraic invariant, the associated vertex operator algebra. The relationships between this invariant and more conventional protected…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-15 Christopher Beem , Leonardo Rastelli

We consider C-graded vertex algebras, which are vertex algebras V with a C-grading such that V is an admissible V-module generated by 'lowest weight vectors'. We show that such vertex algebras have a 'good' representation theory in the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-06-16 Rob Laber , Geoffrey Mason

The leitmotif of these Notes is the idea of a vertex operator algebra (VOA) and the relationship between VOAs and elliptic functions and modular forms. This is to some extent analogous to the relationship between a finite group and its…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2011-03-03 Geoffrey Mason , Michael P. Tuite

We describe Zhu recursion for a vertex operator algebra (VOA) and its modules on a genus $g$ Riemann surface in the Schottky uniformisation. We show that $n$-point (intertwiner) correlation functions are written as linear combinations of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Michael P. Tuite , Michael Welby

It is one of the remarkable results of vertex operator algebras (VOAs) that the graded traces (one-point correlation functions) of holomorphic VOAs are modular functions. This paper explores the question of which modular functions arise as…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Katherine L. Hurley

We apply the factorization and vector bundle propositionerty of the sheaves of conformal blocks on $\overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n}$. defined by vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and give geometric proofs of essential results in the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Xu Gao , Jianqi Liu

In this note we show that the irreducible twisted modules of a holomorphic, $C_2$-cofinite vertex operator algebra $V$ have $L_0$-weights at least as large as the smallest $L_0$-weight of $V$. Hence, if $V$ is of CFT-type, then the twisted…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Sven Möller

We study spaces of conformal blocks associated with line bundles over elliptic curves, with coefficients in a vertex algebra. For vertex algebras satisfying suitable finiteness and semisimplicity conditions, which are met by all admissible…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Tomoyuki Arakawa , Jethro van Ekeren , Hao Li

Vertex algebras (and their modules) can be described as vector spaces together with a linear operator-valued series in one parameter $z$. With the interpretation of $z$ as a coordinate at a point on a curve, one can construct algebraic…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Colton Griffin

We discuss the axioms for vertex algebras and their modules, using formal calculus. Following certain standard treatments, we take the Jacobi identity as our main axiom and we recall weak commutativity and weak associativity. We derive a…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2009-12-05 Thomas J. Robinson

In this paper we study the first cohomologies for the following three examples of vertex operator algebras: (i) the simple affine VOA associated to a simple Lie algebra with positive integral level; (ii) the Virasoro VOA corresponding to…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-07-11 Fei Qi

Let $V$ be an $\mathbb{N}$-graded, simple, self-contragredient, $C_2$-cofinite vertex operator algebra. We show that if the $S$-transformation of the character of $V$ is a linear combination of characters of $V$-modules, then the category…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Robert McRae

In recent work, Wang and the third author defined a class of 'extremal' vertex operator algebras (VOAs), consisting of those with at least two simple modules and conformal dimensions as large as possible for the central charge. In this…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-28 J. Connor Grady , Ching Hung Lam , James E. Tener , Hiroshi Yamauchi

In this paper, we investigate analytic divergence-free vector fields and vector fields admitting a Jacobi multiplier on $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. We first introduce a functional acting on the space of divergence-free vector…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 C. Sardón , X. Zhao

H. Aoki showed that any symmetric formal Fourier-Jacobi series for the symplectic group Sp_2(Z) is the Fourier-Jacobi expansion of a holomorphic Siegel modular form. We prove an analogous result for vector valued symmetric formal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-25 Jan Hendrik Bruinier

Zero modes of modular Hamiltonian of one interval are found in momentum space for two dimensional massless free scalar theory. Finite correlators are extracted from separate region connected correlation functions with the insertion of zero…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-19 Jiang Long

It is proved that if any Z-graded weak module for vertex operator algebra V is completely reducible, then V is rational and C_2-cofinite. That is, V is regular. This gives a natural characterization of regular vertex operator algebras.

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Chongying Dong , Nina Yu

Through the introduction of new ideals, and with the assistance of the $d$-th mode transition algebras $\mathfrak{A}_d$, for $d\in \mathbb{N}$, we show how Zhu's associative algebra $\mathsf{A}$, conventionally valued for tracking…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Chiara Damiolini , Angela Gibney , Daniel Krashen

We classify vertex operator algebras (VOAs) of OZ-type generated by Ising vectors of $\sigma$-type. As a consequence of the classification, we also prove that such VOAs are simple, rational, $C_2$-cofinite and unitary, that is, they have…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Cuipo Jiang , Ching Hung Lam , Hiroshi Yamauchi