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Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a black hole (BH) are the eigen modes describing the dissipative oscillation of various fields in that spacetime, which can be intrinsically produced by the linear perturbation theory. With the discovery of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-02 Yuqian Zhao , Bing Sun , Zhan-Feng Mai , Zhoujian Cao

We investigate quadratic quasinormal mode coupling in black hole spacetime through numerical simulations of single perturbed black holes using both numerical relativity and second-order black hole perturbation theory. Focusing on the…

Quadratic quasinormal modes encode fundamental properties of black hole spacetimes. They are also one of the key ingredients of nonlinearities of General Relativity in the ringdown stage of binary black hole coalescence. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Neev Khera , Sizheng Ma , Huan Yang

Quasinormal modes of perturbed black holes have recently gained much interest because of their tight relations with the gravitational wave signals emitted during the post-merger phase of a binary black hole coalescence. One of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Che-Yu Chen , Mariam Bouhmadi-López , Pisin Chen

The ringdown phase of gravitational waves emitted by a perturbed black hole is described by a superposition of exponentially decaying sinusoidal modes, called quasinormal modes (QNMs), whose frequencies depend only on the property of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-04 Che-Yu Chen , Petr Kotlařík

Within linearized perturbation theory, black holes decay to their final stationary state through the well-known spectrum of quasinormal modes. Here we numerically study whether nonlinearities change this picture. For that purpose we study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-09 Enrique Pazos , David Brizuela , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Manuel Tiglio

It is expected that all astrophysical black holes in equilibrium are well described by the Kerr solution. Moreover, any black hole far away from equilibrium, such as one initially formed in a compact binary merger or by the collapse of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-14 Pierre Mourier , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Daniel Pook-Kolb , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

Quasinormal modes are a set of damped resonances that describe how an excited open system is driven back to equilibrium. In gravitational physics these modes characterise the ringdown of a perturbed black hole, e.g. following a binary black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-09 Sam Patrick , Antonin Coutant , Mauricio Richartz , Silke Weinfurtner

In the analysis of a binary black hole coalescence, it is necessary to include gravitational self-interactions in order to describe the transition of the gravitational wave signal from the merger to the ringdown stage. In this paper we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-08 Macarena Lagos , Lam Hui

The quasinormal mode spectrum of gravitational waves emitted during the black hole ringdown relaxation phase, following the merger of a black hole binary, is a crucial target of gravitational wave astronomy. By considering causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 A. Kehagias , A. Riotto

Perturbed Kerr black holes emit gravitational radiation, which (for the practical purposes of gravitational-wave astronomy) consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids termed quasi-normal modes. The frequencies and time-constants of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The ringdown phase of a black hole formed from the merger of two orbiting black holes is described by means of the close-limit (CL) approximation starting from second-post-Newtonian (2PN) initial conditions. The 2PN metric of point-particle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-29 Alexandre Le Tiec , Luc Blanchet

The gravitational wave strain emitted by a perturbed black hole (BH) ringing down is typically modeled analytically using first-order BH perturbation theory. In this Letter we show that second-order effects are necessary for modeling…

Recent studies have shown that rotating black holes can undergo spontaneous scalarization, leading to deviations from general relativity in the strong-field regime. We present the first nonperturbative calculation of the quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Wei Xiong , Peng-Cheng Li

We numerically investigate the imprints of gravitational radiation-reaction driven changes to a black hole's mass and spin on the corresponding ringdown waveform. We do so by comparing the dynamics of a perturbed black hole evolved with the…

By applying the dimensionless scheme, we investigate the quasinormal modes and phase transitions analytically for three types of regular black holes. The universal deviations to the first law of mechanics in regular black holes are proved.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-13 Chen Lan , Yan-Gang Miao , Hao Yang

The modeling of gravitational wave ringdown has traditionally relied on linear perturbation theory, which mainly describes the late-time behavior of a perturbed black hole after a binary merger. However, the need for more accurate ringdown…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Macarena Lagos

The ringdown of perturbed black holes has been studied since the 1970s, but until recently, studies have focused on linear perturbations. There is now burgeoning interest in nonlinear perturbative effects during ringdown. Here, using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-11 Patrick Bourg , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Andrew Spiers , Benjamin Leather , Bonga Béatrice , Adam Pound

The aftermath of binary black hole coalescence is a perturbed remnant whose gravitational radiation rings down, encoding information about the new black hole's recent history and current state.It is expected that this ringdown radiation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-28 L. London

Recent works have suggested that nonlinear (quadratic) effects in black hole perturbation theory may be important for describing a black hole ringdown. We show that the technique of uniform approximations can be used to accurately compute…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-12 Bruno Bucciotti , Adrien Kuntz , Francesco Serra , Enrico Trincherini