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Shannon's perfect-secrecy theorem states that a perfect encryption system that yields zero information to the adversary must be a one-time pad (OTP) with the keys randomly generated and never reused. In this work we design the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

The CMI Millennium "P vs NP Problem" can be resolved e.g. if one shows at least one counterexample to the conjecture "P is equal to NP". A certain class of problems being such counterexamples is formulated. This implies the rejection of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Vasil Penchev

In classical complexity theory, the two definitions of probabilistically checkable proofs -- the constraint satisfaction and the nonlocal games version -- are computationally equal in power. In the quantum setting, the situation is far less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Anand Natarajan , Chinmay Nirkhe

We prove matching direct and inverse theorems for uniform polynomial approximation with $A^*$ weights (a subclass of doubling weights suitable for approximation in the $L_\infty$ norm) having finitely many zeros and not too "rapidly…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Kirill A. Kopotun

We initiate the study of fine-grained completeness theorems for exact and approximate optimization in the polynomial-time regime. Inspired by the first completeness results for decision problems in P (Gao, Impagliazzo, Kolokolova, Williams,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Karl Bringmann , Alejandro Cassis , Nick Fischer , Marvin Künnemann

In this paper we propose the PCP-like theorem for sub-linear time inapproximability. Abboud et al. have devised the distributed PCP framework for proving sub-quadratic time inapproximability. Here we try to go further in this direction.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Hengzhao Ma , Jianzhong Li

Conformal Prediction (CP) stands out as a robust framework for uncertainty quantification, which is crucial for ensuring the reliability of predictions. However, common CP methods heavily rely on data exchangeability, a condition often…

Probabilistically checkable proofs of proximity (PCPP) are proof systems where the verifier is given a 3SAT formula, but has only oracle access to an assignment and a proof. The verifier accepts a satisfying assignment with a valid proof,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Shlomo Jozeph

In this work we prove a version of the Sylvester-Gallai theorem for quadratic polynomials that takes us one step closer to obtaining a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for testing zeroness of $\Sigma^{[3]}\Pi\Sigma\Pi^{[2]}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Shir Peleg , Amir Shpilka

The q-state Potts model can be defined on an arbitrary finite graph, and its partition function encodes much important information about that graph, including its chromatic polynomial, flow polynomial and reliability polynomial. The complex…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Alan D. Sokal

{In 2020, Carney et.al. proved the quaternionic version of the Enestr\"{o}m-Kakeya Theorem, which states that a polynomial $p(q)=\sum_{\nu=0}^n q^\nu a_\nu$ with non-negative and monotonically increasing coefficients $(0<a_0\le a_1\le…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-03-12 D. Tripathi

Let $S$ be a dense subring of the real numbers. In this paper we prove a polynomial version of Van der Waerden's theorem near zero. In fact, we prove that if $p_1,\ldots,p_m \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ are polynomials such that $p_i(0) = 0$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Ghadir Ghadimi , Mohammad Akbari Tootkaboni

In this paper we investigate the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of polynomials $P_{n}(x)$ satisfying a first order differential-difference equation. We give several examples of orthogonal and non-orthogonal families.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-12-04 Diego Dominici , Walter Van Assche

Perfect Matching-Cut is the problem of deciding whether a graph has a perfect matching that contains an edge-cut. We show that this problem is NP-complete for planar graphs with maximum degree four, for planar graphs with girth five, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-01 Valentin Bouquet , Christophe Picouleau

An instance of Max CSP is a finite collection of constraints on a set of variables, and the goal is to assign values to the variables that maximises the number of satisfied constraints. Max CSP captures many well-known problems (such as Max…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-12-11 Peter Jonsson , Andrei Krokhin , Fredrik Kuivinen

A PCP is a proof system for NP in which the proof can be checked by a probabilistic verifier. The verifier is only allowed to read a very small portion of the proof, and in return is allowed to err with some bounded probability. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-19 Irit Dinur , Or Meir

When one observes a sequence of variables $(x_1, y_1), \ldots, (x_n, y_n)$, Conformal Prediction (CP) is a methodology that allows to estimate a confidence set for $y_{n+1}$ given $x_{n+1}$ by merely assuming that the distribution of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-08 Eugene Ndiaye

A recent breakthrough [Hirahara and Nanashima, STOC'2024] established that if $\mathsf{NP} \not \subseteq \mathsf{ioP/poly}$, the existence of zero-knowledge with negligible errors for $\mathsf{NP}$ implies the existence of one-way…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Suvradip Chakraborty , James Hulett , Dakshita Khurana , Kabir Tomer

We study the statistical-computational trade-offs for learning with exact invariances (or symmetries) using kernel regression. Traditional methods, such as data augmentation, group averaging, canonicalization, and frame-averaging, either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ashkan Soleymani , Behrooz Tahmasebi , Stefanie Jegelka , Patrick Jaillet

Predictive coding (PC) is a biologically plausible alternative to standard backpropagation (BP) that minimises an energy function with respect to network activities before updating weights. Recent work has improved the training stability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Francesco Innocenti , El Mehdi Achour , Rafal Bogacz