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Medical image segmentation data inherently contain uncertainty. This can stem from both imperfect image quality and variability in labeling preferences on ambiguous pixels, which depend on annotator expertise and the clinical context of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-17 Jiayuan Zhu , Junde Wu , Cheng Ouyang , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , J. Alison Noble

In digital pathology, precise nuclei segmentation is pivotal yet challenged by the diversity of tissue types, staining protocols, and imaging conditions. Recently, the segment anything model (SAM) revealed overwhelming performance in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Zhen Chen , Qing Xu , Xinyu Liu , Yixuan Yuan

This paper provides insights on the effectiveness of the zero shot, prompt-based Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its updated versions, SAM 2 and SAM 2.1, along with the non-promptable conventional neural network (CNN), for segmenting solar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Osher Rafaeli , Tal Svoray , Roni Blushtein-Livnon , Ariel Nahlieli

The unprecedented developments in segmentation foundational models have become a dominant force in the field of computer vision, introducing a multitude of previously unexplored capabilities in a wide range of natural images and videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yichi Zhang , Zhenrong Shen

Interactive segmentation reduces the annotation time of medical images and allows annotators to iteratively refine labels with corrective interactions, such as clicks. While existing interactive models transform clicks into user guidance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Zdravko Marinov , Rainer Stiefelhagen , Jens Kleesiek

Foundation models like the segment anything model require high-quality manual prompts for medical image segmentation, which is time-consuming and requires expertise. SAM and its variants often fail to segment structures in ultrasound (US)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Assefa Seyoum Wahd , Banafshe Felfeliyan , Yuyue Zhou , Shrimanti Ghosh , Adam McArthur , Jiechen Zhang , Jacob L. Jaremko , Abhilash Hareendranathan

Foundation models such as the recently introduced Segment Anything Model (SAM) have achieved remarkable results in image segmentation tasks. However, these models typically require user interaction through handcrafted prompts such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mélanie Gaillochet , Christian Desrosiers , Hervé Lombaert

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first foundation model for general image segmentation. It has achieved impressive results on various natural image segmentation tasks. However, medical image segmentation (MIS) is more challenging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-18 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Lian Liu , Han Zhou , Ao Chang , Xinrui Zhou , Rusi Chen , Junxuan Yu , Jiongquan Chen , Chaoyu Chen , Sijing Liu , Haozhe Chi , Xindi Hu , Kejuan Yue , Lei Li , Vicente Grau , Deng-Ping Fan , Fajin Dong , Dong Ni

Segment anything model (SAM) addresses two practical yet challenging segmentation tasks: \textbf{segment anything (SegAny)}, which utilizes a certain point to predict the mask for a single object of interest, and \textbf{segment everything…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chaoning Zhang , Dongshen Han , Sheng Zheng , Jinwoo Choi , Tae-Ho Kim , Choong Seon Hong

Recent advances in medical image segmentation have been driven by deep learning; however, most existing methods remain limited by modality-specific designs and exhibit poor adaptability to dynamic medical imaging scenarios. The Segment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Guoping Xu , Christopher Kabat , You Zhang

General networks for 3D medical image segmentation have recently undergone extensive exploration. Behind the exceptional performance of these networks lies a significant demand for a large volume of pixel-level annotated data, which is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Hualiang Wang , Yiqun Lin , Xinpeng Ding , Xiaomeng Li

Universal segmentation models offer significant potential in addressing a wide range of tasks by effectively leveraging discrete annotations. As the scope of tasks and modalities expands, it becomes increasingly important to generate and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yiwen Ye , Ziyang Chen , Jianpeng Zhang , Yutong Xie , Yong Xia

Large foundation models, known for their strong zero-shot generalization, have excelled in visual and language applications. However, applying them to medical image segmentation, a domain with diverse imaging types and target labels,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yueming Jin , Min Xu

We introduce an assessment procedure for interactive segmentation models. Based on concepts from Bayesian Experimental Design, the procedure measures a model's understanding of point prompts and their correspondence with the desired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Kuan-I Chung , Daniel Moyer

Existing methods for segmenting Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) are often optimization-based, requiring slow per-scene training that sacrifices the zero-shot capabilities of 2D foundation models. We introduce DivAS (Depth-interactive Voxel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ayush Pande

Accurate 3D anatomical segmentation is essential for clinical diagnosis and surgical planning. However, automated models frequently generate suboptimal shape predictions due to factors such as limited and imbalanced training data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kangxian Xie , Jiancheng Yang , Nandor Pinter , Chao Wu , Behzad Bozorgtabar , Mingchen Gao

Segment Anything (SAM) has recently pushed the boundaries of segmentation by demonstrating zero-shot generalization and flexible prompting after training on over one billion masks. Despite this, its mask prediction accuracy often falls…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zezhong Fan , Xiaohan Li , Topojoy Biswas , Kaushiki Nag , Kannan Achan

Image segmentation plays an essential role in medicine for both diagnostic and interventional tasks. Segmentation approaches are either manual, semi-automated or fully-automated. Manual segmentation offers full control over the quality of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Tomas Sakinis , Fausto Milletari , Holger Roth , Panagiotis Korfiatis , Petro Kostandy , Kenneth Philbrick , Zeynettin Akkus , Ziyue Xu , Daguang Xu , Bradley J. Erickson

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has been a cornerstone in the field of interactive segmentation, propelling significant progress in generative AI, computational photography, and medical imaging. Despite its ability to process arbitrary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Balakrishnan Varadarajan , Bilge Soran , Forrest Iandola , Xiaoyu Xiang , Yunyang Xiong , Lemeng Wu , Chenchen Zhu , Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi , Vikas Chandra

Generative modelling and synthetic data can be a surrogate for real medical imaging datasets, whose scarcity and difficulty to share can be a nuisance when delivering accurate deep learning models for healthcare applications. In recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Virginia Fernandez , Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya , Pedro Borges , Mark S. Graham , Tom Vercauteren , M. Jorge Cardoso