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It has been known for a century that electromagnetic fields can transport not only energy and linear momentum but also angular momentum. However, it was not until twenty years ago, with the discovery in laser optics of experimental…
The nuclear rotation curve of M31, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera Spectrograph, shows a significant disturbance coinciding with the off-center brightness peak, P1. This +/- 60 km/s feature is distinguished by…
Optical vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has great potential to increase the capacity of optical communication and information processing in classical and quantum regimes. Nevertheless, important challenges that influence the…
Plasmonic vortices (PV) excited by a highly focused radially polarized optical vortex (RPOV) beam on a metal surface are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The proposed method reveals a direct phase singularity and orbital…
We numerically examine the spatial evolution of the structure of coherent and partially coherent laser beams, including the optical vortices, propagating in turbulent atmospheres. The influence of beam fragmentation and wandering relative…
We systematically study pulsar light curves, taking into account the special relativistic effect, i.e., the Doppler factor due to the fast spin of the neutron stars, together with the time delay, which comes from the difference of the…
This work focuses on the incoherent and coherent combination of pulsed laser beams, building on previous research [1] that addressed the combination of continuous-wave laser beams. For the pulsed combination, we have focused on the temporal…
Physics of photons and electrons carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is an exciting field of research in quantum optics and electron microscopy. Usually, one considers propagation of these vortex beams in a medium or external fields and…
Light beams with azimuthal phase dependence [$exp(i \ell\phi)$] carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) which differs fundamentally from spin angular momentum (SAM) associated with polarization. Striking difference between the two momenta is…
Vortices are topologically stable singularities at the center of a swirl of energy. Optical vortices are conventionally formed using diffractive optics or by bespoke optical elements. We report room temperature integrated lasers directly…
A ring laser is defined by its perimeter, which directly enters the conversion factor between measured Sagnac frequency and the actual rotation rate. Large ring lasers employed in geodesy and fundamental physics require stability of the…
Vortices are whirling disturbances commonly found in nature ranging from tremendously small scales in Bose-Einstein condensates to cosmologically colossal scales in spiral galaxies. An optical vortex, generally associated with a spiral…
By fitting the classical Rotating Vector Model (RVM) to high quality polarization data for selected radio pulsars, we find the inclination of the magnetic axis to the spin axis, alpha, as well as the minimum angle between the line of sight…
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons, as a new fundamental degree of freedom, has excited a great diversity of interest, because of a variety of emerging applications. Arbitrarily tunable OAM has gained much attention, but its creation…
The large-scale dynamics of heat spots in a thin layer of incompressible rotating fluid under the action of Coriolis and gravity is considered to obtain a simple model of synoptic turbulence. The derivation of equations describing the…
We describe an optical beam converter for an efficient transformation of Gaussian femtosecond laser beams to single- or double-charge vortex beams showing no spatial or topological charge dispersion. The device achieves a conversion…
In this paper we develop a calculation code to account for the effects carried by fast rotation on the observed spectra of early-type stars. Stars are assumed to be in rigid rotation and the grid of plane-parallel model atmospheres used to…
We have used an Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer with the Adaptive Optics Bonnette on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to measure stellar radial velocities in the globular cluster M15. An average seeing of 0.15" full-width at half…
X-ray vortices carrying tunable Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) are an emerging tool for X-ray characterization technology. However, in contrast to the generation of vortex beams in the visible wavelength region, the generation of X-ray…
We examine statistical properties of a laser beam propagating in a turbulent medium. We prove that the intensity fluctuations at large propagation distances possess Gaussian probability density function and establish quantitative criteria…