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Large Language Models are expanding beyond being a tool humans use and into independent agents that can observe an environment, reason about solutions to problems, make changes that impact those environments, and understand how their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tailia Malloy , Tegawende F. Bissyande

The growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated code generation has enhanced software development efficiency, but often at the cost of security. Generated code frequently overlooks critical concerns, leaving it vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mohammed Kharma , Ahmed Sabbah , Mohammad Alkhanafseh , Mohammad Hammoudeh , David Mohaisen

Software engineers in various industrial domains are already using Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the process of implementing parts of software systems. When considering its potential use for ADAS or AD systems in the automotive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Zhennan Fei , Krishna Ronanki , Håkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

Much is promised in relation to AI-supported software development. However, there has been limited evaluation effort in the research domain aimed at validating the true utility of such techniques, especially when compared to human coding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sherlock A. Licorish , Ansh Bajpai , Chetan Arora , Fanyu Wang , Kla Tantithamthavorn

AI-assisted software generation has increased development speed, but it has also amplified a persistent engineering problem: systems that are functionally correct may still be structurally insecure. In practice, prompt-based security review…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Elzo Brito dos Santos Filho

AI agents are rapidly gaining capabilities that could significantly reshape cybersecurity, making rigorous evaluation urgent. A critical capability is exploitation: turning a vulnerability, which is not yet an attack, into a concrete…

While several studies have examined the security of code generated by GPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs), most have relied on controlled experiments rather than real developer interactions. This paper investigates the security of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Vladislav Belozerov , Peter J Barclay , Ashkan Sami

Coding agents have received significant adoption in software development recently. Unlike traditional LLM-based code completion tools, coding agents work with autonomy (e.g., invoking external tools) and leave visible traces in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Andre Hora , Romain Robbes

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly operate across domains such as robotics, virtual assistants, and web automation. However, their stochastic decision-making introduces safety risks that are difficult to anticipate during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jiali Wei , Jun Sun

Security in code generation remains a pivotal challenge when applying large language models (LLMs). This paper introduces RefleXGen, an innovative method that significantly enhances code security by integrating Retrieval-Augmented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Bin Wang , Hui Li , AoFan Liu , BoTao Yang , Ao Yang , YiLu Zhong , Weixiang Huang , Yanping Zhang , Runhuai Huang , Weimin Zeng

This paper introduces v0.5 of the AI Safety Benchmark, which has been created by the MLCommons AI Safety Working Group. The AI Safety Benchmark has been designed to assess the safety risks of AI systems that use chat-tuned language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Bertie Vidgen , Adarsh Agrawal , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Victor Akinwande , Namir Al-Nuaimi , Najla Alfaraj , Elie Alhajjar , Lora Aroyo , Trupti Bavalatti , Max Bartolo , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Kurt Bollacker , Rishi Bomassani , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Siméon Campos , Kal Chakra , Canyu Chen , Cody Coleman , Zacharie Delpierre Coudert , Leon Derczynski , Debojyoti Dutta , Ian Eisenberg , James Ezick , Heather Frase , Brian Fuller , Ram Gandikota , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Ananya Gangavarapu , James Gealy , Rajat Ghosh , James Goel , Usman Gohar , Sujata Goswami , Scott A. Hale , Wiebke Hutiri , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Surgan Jandial , Nick Judd , Felix Juefei-Xu , Foutse Khomh , Bhavya Kailkhura , Hannah Rose Kirk , Kevin Klyman , Chris Knotz , Michael Kuchnik , Shachi H. Kumar , Srijan Kumar , Chris Lengerich , Bo Li , Zeyi Liao , Eileen Peters Long , Victor Lu , Sarah Luger , Yifan Mai , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Kelvin Manyeki , Sean McGregor , Virendra Mehta , Shafee Mohammed , Emanuel Moss , Lama Nachman , Dinesh Jinenhally Naganna , Amin Nikanjam , Besmira Nushi , Luis Oala , Iftach Orr , Alicia Parrish , Cigdem Patlak , William Pietri , Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Eleonora Presani , Fabrizio Puletti , Paul Röttger , Saurav Sahay , Tim Santos , Nino Scherrer , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Patrick Schramowski , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Vin Sharma , Xudong Shen , Vamsi Sistla , Leonard Tang , Davide Testuggine , Vithursan Thangarasa , Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Rebecca Weiss , Chris Welty , Tyler Wilbers , Adina Williams , Carole-Jean Wu , Poonam Yadav , Xianjun Yang , Yi Zeng , Wenhui Zhang , Fedor Zhdanov , Jiacheng Zhu , Percy Liang , Peter Mattson , Joaquin Vanschoren

Agentic AI coding editors driven by large language models have recently become more popular due to their ability to improve developer productivity during software development. Modern editors such as Cursor are designed not just for code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yue Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Yunbo Lyu , Ting Zhang , Haoyu Wang , David Lo

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) still generate vulnerable code. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has the potential to enhance LLMs for secure code generation by incorporating external security knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiahao Shi , Tianyi Zhang

Beyond scratch coding, exploiting large-scale code repositories (e.g., GitHub) for practical tasks is vital in real-world software development, yet current benchmarks rarely evaluate code agents in such authentic, workflow-driven scenarios.…

Recent years have experienced growing contributions of AI coding agents that assist human developers in various software engineering tasks. However, this growing AI-assisted autonomy raises questions about security and trust. In this paper,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Md Fazle Rabbi , Asif K. Turzo , Arifa I. Champa , Minhaz F. Zibran

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

AI-powered code generation models have been developing rapidly, allowing developers to expedite code generation and thus improve their productivity. These models are trained on large corpora of code (primarily sourced from public…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Vahid Majdinasab , Michael Joshua Bishop , Shawn Rasheed , Arghavan Moradidakhel , Amjed Tahir , Foutse Khomh

As the role of information and communication technologies gradually increases in our lives, source code security becomes a significant issue to protect against malicious attempts Furthermore with the advent of data-driven techniques, there…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Maryam Taeb

Developers and organizations are using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate security-critical code more frequently than ever, including cryptographic solutions for their products. This study presents an empirical evaluation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mohamed Elsayed , Kenneth Fulton , Jeong Yang

Since autonomous coding agents generate complex behaviors at high-volume, we may want to use other LLMs to monitor actions to reduce the risk from dangerous misaligned behavior. To better understand the limitations of such monitors against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Elle Najt , Colin Toft , Tyler Tracy , Fabien Roger , Joe Benton