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Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

A major concern in using deep learning based generative models for document-grounded dialogs is the potential generation of responses that are not \textit{faithful} to the underlying document. Existing automated metrics used for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yatin Nandwani , Vineet Kumar , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi , Luis A. Lastras

Retrieval-augmented generation resorts to content retrieved from external sources in order to leverage the performance of large language models in downstream tasks. The excessive volume of retrieved content, the possible dispersion of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 João Rodrigues , António Branco

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Retrieval augmented generation mitigates limitations of large language models in factual consistency and knowledge updating by introducing external knowledge. However, practical applications still suffer from semantic misalignment between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xin Chen , Saili Uday Gadgil , Jiarong Qiu

A common way to extend the memory of large language models (LLMs) is by retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which inserts text retrieved from a larger memory into an LLM's context window. However, the context window is typically limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Marc Pickett , Jeremy Hartman , Ayan Kumar Bhowmick , Raquib-ul Alam , Aditya Vempaty

Large language models are powerful text processors and reasoners, but are still subject to limitations including outdated knowledge and hallucinations, which necessitates connecting them to the world. Retrieval-augmented large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

For middle-school math students, interactive question-answering (QA) with tutors is an effective way to learn. The flexibility and emergent capabilities of generative large language models (LLMs) has led to a surge of interest in automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Zachary Levonian , Chenglu Li , Wangda Zhu , Anoushka Gade , Owen Henkel , Millie-Ellen Postle , Wanli Xing

Incorporating specific knowledge into large language models via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widespread technique that fuels many of today's industry AI applications. A fundamental problem is to assess if the context retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian Geissler , Francesco Carella , Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in medical question answering; however, purely parametric models often suffer from knowledge gaps and limited factual grounding. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nusrat Sultana , Abdullah Muhammad Moosa , Kazi Afzalur Rahman , Sajal Chandra Banik

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

Generating high-quality answers consistently by providing contextual information embedded in the prompt passed to the Large Language Model (LLM) is dependent on the quality of information retrieval. As the corpus of contextual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sai Ganesh , Anupam Purwar , Gautam B

How retrieved documents are used in language models (LMs) for long-form generation task is understudied. We present two controlled studies on retrieval-augmented LM for long-form question answering (LFQA): one fixing the LM and varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hung-Ting Chen , Fangyuan Xu , Shane Arora , Eunsol Choi

The quality of answers generated by large language models (LLMs) in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is largely influenced by the contextual information contained in the retrieved documents. A key challenge for improving RAG is to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Fangzheng Tian , Debasis Ganguly , Craig Macdonald

Many modern AI question-answering systems convert text into vectors and retrieve the closest matches to a user question. While effective for topical similarity, similarity scores alone do not explain why some retrieved text can serve as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Victor P. Unda

Question generation (QG) is the task of generating a question from a reference sentence and a specified answer within the sentence. A major challenge in QG is to identify answer-relevant context words to finish the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Jingjing Li , Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

We design a new co-occurrence based word association measure by incorporating the concept of significant cooccurrence in the popular word association measure Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI). By extensive experiments with a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-03 Om P. Damani

Generative models for open domain question answering have proven to be competitive, without resorting to external knowledge. While promising, this approach requires to use models with billions of parameters, which are expensive to train and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Gautier Izacard , Edouard Grave

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches the ability of language models to reason using external context to augment responses for a given user prompt. This approach has risen in popularity due to practical applications in various…

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