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Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) seeks any-to-any search across text and vision, yet modern embedding models remain brittle when queries require latent reasoning (e.g., resolving underspecified references or matching compositional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jianrui Zhang , Anirudh Sundara Rajan , Brandon Han , Soochahn Lee , Sukanta Ganguly , Yong Jae Lee

This paper addresses the task of legal summarization, which involves distilling complex legal documents into concise, coherent summaries. Current approaches often struggle with content theme deviation and inconsistent writing styles due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 T. Y. S. S. Santosh , Chen Jia , Patrick Goroncy , Matthias Grabmair

Knowledge is captured in the form of entities and their relationships and stored in knowledge graphs. Knowledge graphs enhance the capabilities of applications in many different areas including Web search, recommendation, and natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Kalpa Gunaratna , Yu Wang , Hongxia Jin

Document retrieval in real-world scenarios faces significant challenges due to diverse document formats and modalities. Traditional text-based approaches rely on tailored parsing techniques that disregard layout information and are prone to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hao Sun , Yingyan Hou , Jiayan Guo , Bo Wang , Chunyu Yang , Jinsong Ni , Yan Zhang

The Web has become a potentially infinite information resource, turning into an essential tool for many daily activities. This resulted in an increase in the amount of information available in users' contexts that is not taken into account…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Carlos M. Lorenzetti

Predicting the judgment of a legal case from its unannotated case facts is a challenging task. The lengthy and non-uniform document structure poses an even greater challenge in extracting information for decision prediction. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

We consider the problem of Recognizing Textual Entailment within an Information Retrieval context, where we must simultaneously determine the relevancy as well as degree of entailment for individual pieces of evidence to determine a yes/no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Petr Baudis , Silvestr Stanko , Jan Sedivy

Sentence embeddings encode natural language sentences as low-dimensional dense vectors. A great deal of effort has been put into using sentence embeddings to improve several important natural language processing tasks. Relation extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Alexander Kalinowski , Yuan An

Word embeddings have been shown adept at capturing the semantic and syntactic regularities of the natural language text, as a result of which these representations have found their utility in a wide variety of downstream content analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Kishlay Jha

With the fast development of natural language processing, recent advances in information hiding focus on covertly embedding secret information into texts. These algorithms either modify a given cover text or directly generate a text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Xiaoyan Zheng , Yurun Fang , Hanzhou Wu

This paper explores entity embedding effectiveness in ad-hoc entity retrieval, which introduces distributed representation of entities into entity retrieval. The knowledge graph contains lots of knowledge and models entity semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Zhenghao Liu , Chenyan Xiong , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu

This paper investigates the problem of network embedding, which aims at learning low-dimensional vector representation of nodes in networks. Most existing network embedding methods rely solely on the network structure, i.e., the linkage…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Xiaofei Sun , Jiang Guo , Xiao Ding , Ting Liu

Multi-label text classification (MLC) is a challenging task in settings of large label sets, where label support follows a Zipfian distribution. In this paper, we address this problem through retrieval augmentation, aiming to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ilias Chalkidis , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) advances flat document retrieval by structuring knowledge as relational graphs, enabling more coherent and effective reasoning. However, applying it to specific domains like legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zerui Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Zhishang Xiang , Zhimin Wei , Linfeng Gao , Xiao Huang , Zhihong Zhang , Jinsong Su

Legal case retrieval for sourcing similar cases is critical in upholding judicial fairness. Different from general web search, legal case retrieval involves processing lengthy, complex, and highly specialized legal documents. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Zhicheng Dou

Brazilian legal retrieval is heterogeneous, covering case law, legislation, and question-based search. This makes training dense retrievers a trade-off between stronger domain specialization and broader robustness across retrieval types of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jayr Pereira , Roberto Lotufo , Luiz Bonifacio

Interacting with the legal system and the government requires the assembly and analysis of various pieces of information that can be spread across different (paper) documents, such as forms, certificates and contracts (e.g. leases). This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka

Legal passage retrieval is an important task that assists legal practitioners in the time-intensive process of finding relevant precedents to support legal arguments. This study investigates the task of retrieving legal passages or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Larissa Mori , Carlos Sousa de Oliveira , Yuehwern Yih , Mario Ventresca

This paper proposes a knowledge-based legal document assembly method that uses a machine-readable representation of knowledge of legal professionals. This knowledgebase has two components - the formal knowledge of legal norms represented as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Marko Marković , Stevan Gostojić

The rapid growth of user-generated videos on the Internet has intensified the need for text-based video retrieval systems. Traditional methods mainly favor the concept-based paradigm on retrieval with simple queries, which are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xun Yang , Jianfeng Dong , Yixin Cao , Xun Wang , Meng Wang , Tat-Seng Chua