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Related papers: Formalization of physics index notation in Lean 4

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We present Lean Finder, a semantic search engine for Lean and mathlib that understands and aligns with the intents of mathematicians. Progress in formal theorem proving is often hindered by the difficulty of locating relevant theorems and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialin Lu , Kye Emond , Kaiyu Yang , Swarat Chaudhuri , Weiran Sun , Wuyang Chen

Complicated mathematical equations involving products of tensors with permutation symmetries, frequently encountered in fields such as general relativity and quantum chemistry (e.g., equations in high-order coupled cluster theories),…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Zhendong Li , Sihong Shao , Wenjian Liu

Despite significant developments in Proof Theory, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the concept of proof verifier. In particular, the mathematical community may be interested in studying different types of proof verifiers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Roman V. Yampolskiy

This paper introduces the Token Space framework, a novel mathematical construct designed to enhance the interpretability and effectiveness of deep learning models through the application of category theory. By establishing a categorical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Wuming Pan

We introduce CSLib, an open-source framework for proving computer-science-related theorems and writing formally verified code in the Lean proof assistant. CSLib aims to be for computer science what Lean's Mathlib is for mathematics. Mathlib…

Perfectoid spaces are sophisticated objects in arithmetic geometry introduced by Peter Scholze in 2012. We formalised enough definitions and theorems in topology, algebra and geometry to define perfectoid spaces in the Lean theorem prover.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Kevin Buzzard , Johan Commelin , Patrick Massot

This paper introduces a formalism that aims to describe the intricacies of quantum computation by establishing a connection with the mathematical foundations of tensor theory and multilinear maps. The focus is on providing a comprehensive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Valentina Amitrano , Francesco Pederiva

Mathematical reasoning skills are a desired outcome of many introductory physics courses, particularly calculus-based physics courses. Positive and negative quantities are ubiquitous in physics, and the sign carries important and varied…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-04-29 Suzanne White Brahmia , Alexis Olsho , Trevor I. Smith , Andrew Boudreaux

We present an extension to the $\mathtt{mathlib}$ library of the Lean theorem prover formalizing the foundations of computability theory. We use primitive recursive functions and partial recursive functions as the main objects of study, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Mario Carneiro

This letter devises an AI-Inverter that pilots the use of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to enable AI-based electromagnetic transient simulations (EMT) of grid-forming inverters. The contributions are threefold: (1) A PINN-enabled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-12 Qing Shen , Yifan Zhou , Peng Zhang , Yacov A. Shamash , Roshan Sharma , Bo Chen

Computations with tensors are ubiquitous in fundamental physics, and so is the usage of Einstein's dummy index convention for the contraction of indices. For instance, $T_{ia}U_{aj}$ is readily recognized as the same as $T_{ib}U_{bj}$, but…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-11 Renato M. Fonseca

We present FormalProofBench, a private benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can produce formally verified mathematical proofs at the graduate level. Each task pairs a natural-language problem with a Lean~4 formal statement, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nikil Ravi , Kexing Ying , Vasilii Nesterov , Rayan Krishnan , Elif Uskuplu , Bingyu Xia , Janitha Aswedige , Langston Nashold

Formalising informal mathematical reasoning into formally verifiable code is a significant challenge for large language models. In scientific fields such as physics, domain-specific machinery (\textit{e.g.} Dirac notation, vector calculus)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jordan Meadows , Lan Zhang , Andre Freitas

This paper introduces a category theory-based framework to redefine physical computing in light of advancements in quantum computing and non-standard computing systems. By integrating classical definitions within this broader perspective,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Nima Dehghani , Gianluca Caterina

In past few decades, tensor algebra also known as multi-linear algebra has been developed and customized as a tool to be used for various engineering applications. In particular, with the help of a special form of tensor contracted product,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Divyanshu Pandey , Adithya Venugopal , Harry Leib

We present Tores, a core language for encoding metatheoretic proofs. The novel features we introduce are well-founded Mendler-style (co)recursion over indexed data types and a form of recursion over objects in the index language to build…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Rohan Jacob-Rao , Brigitte Pientka , David Thibodeau

Capture calculus has recently been proposed as a solution to effect checking, achieved by tracking the captured references of terms in the types. Boxes, along with the box and unbox operations, are a crucial construct in capture calculus,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

The continuous functional calculus is perhaps the most fundamental construction in the theory of operator algebras, especially $C^{*}$-algebras. Here we document our formalization of the continuous functional calculus in Lean, which…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Anatole Dedecker , Jireh Loreaux

Proof engineering efforts using interactive theorem proving have yielded several impressive projects in software systems and mathematics. A key obstacle to such efforts is the requirement that the domain expert is also an expert in the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Heiko Becker , Nathaniel Bos , Ivan Gavran , Eva Darulova , Rupak Majumdar