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As Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly growing in popularity, LLM inference services must be able to serve requests from thousands of users while satisfying performance requirements. The performance of an LLM inference service is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Małgorzata Łazuka , Andreea Anghel , Thomas Parnell

Efficient LLM inference on resource-constrained devices presents significant challenges in compute and memory utilization. Due to limited GPU memory, existing systems offload model weights to CPU memory, incurring substantial I/O overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiangwen Zhuge , Xu Shen , Zeyu Wang , Fan Dang , Xuan Ding , Danyang Li , Yahui Han , Tianxiang Hao , Zheng Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

The rise of Generative AI introduces a new class of HPC workloads that integrates lightweight LLMs with traditional high-throughput applications to accelerate scientific discovery. The current design of HPC clusters is inadequate to support…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Thanh Son Phung , Douglas Thain

As machine learning techniques are applied to a widening range of applications, high throughput machine learning (ML) inference servers have become critical for online service applications. Such ML inference servers pose two challenges:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Seungbeom Choi , Sunho Lee , Yeonjae Kim , Jongse Park , Youngjin Kwon , Jaehyuk Huh

In modern GPU inference, cache efficiency remains a major bottleneck, and heuristic policies such as \textsc{LRU} can perform far worse than the offline optimum. Existing learning-based caching systems improve hit rates mainly through…

The widespread growth in LLM developments increasingly demands more computational power from clusters than what they can supply. Traditional LLM applications inherently require huge static resource allocations, which force users to either…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Thanh Son Phung , Douglas Thain

Large language models have demonstrated extraordinary performance in many AI tasks but are expensive to use, even after training, due to their requirement of high-end GPUs. Recently, a distributed system called PETALS was developed to lower…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tingyang Sun , Ting He , Bo Ji , Parimal Parag

Large Language Models(LLMs) have had a profound impact on AI applications, particularly in the domains of long-text comprehension and generation. KV Cache technology is one of the most widely used techniques in the industry. It ensures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Qiaozhi He , Zhihua Wu

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

The widespread adoption of LLMs has driven an exponential rise in their deployment, imposing substantial demands on inference clusters. These clusters must handle numerous concurrent queries for different LLM downstream tasks. To handle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nikoleta Iliakopoulou , Jovan Stojkovic , Chloe Alverti , Tianyin Xu , Hubertus Franke , Josep Torrellas

The rise of LLMs has driven demand for private serverless deployments, characterized by moderate-sized models and infrequent requests. While existing serverless solutions follow exclusive GPU allocation, we take a step back to explore…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chuhao Xu , Zijun Li , Quan Chen , Han Zhao , Xueyan Tang , Minyi Guo

As large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in many tasks, they are used in various applications. While a lot of works have focused on the efficiency of single-LLM application (e.g., offloading, request scheduling, parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jingzhi Fang , Yanyan Shen , Yue Wang , Lei Chen

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of AI, demonstrating unprecedented capacity across various tasks. However, the inference process for LLMs comes with significant computational costs. In this paper, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zangwei Zheng , Xiaozhe Ren , Fuzhao Xue , Yang Luo , Xin Jiang , Yang You

The billion-scale Large Language Models (LLMs) need deployment on expensive server-grade GPUs with large-storage HBMs and abundant computation capability. As LLM-assisted services become popular, achieving cost-effective LLM inference on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Haimeng Ren , Zhaohui Xu , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in production, contributing towards shifting the burden in terms of computational resources and energy demands from training to inference. While prior work has examined the energy cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Julien Delavande , Regis Pierrard , Sasha Luccioni

Large language models have been widely adopted across different tasks, but their auto-regressive generation nature often leads to inefficient resource utilization during inference. While batching is commonly used to increase throughput,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Pol G. Recasens , Ferran Agullo , Yue Zhu , Chen Wang , Eun Kyung Lee , Olivier Tardieu , Jordi Torres , Josep Ll. Berral