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As the demand for compute power in traditional neural networks has increased significantly, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to increasingly power-hungry neural networks. By operating on 0/1 spikes emitted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andrew Fan , Simon D. Levy

Foundational models based on the transformer architecture are currently the state-of-the-art in general language modeling, as well as in scientific areas such as material science and climate. However, training and deploying these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Adarsha Balaji , Sandeep Madireddy , Prasanna Balaprakash

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), offering biological plausibility and energy efficiency. Despite these merits, SNNs are frequently hampered by limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi Xiao , Qiangqiang Yuan , Kui Jiang , Wenke Huang , Qiang Zhang , Tingting Zheng , Chia-Wen Lin , Liangpei Zhang

The integration of spiking neural networks (SNNs) with transformer-based architectures has opened new opportunities for bio-inspired low-power, event-driven visual reasoning on edge devices. However, the high temporal resolution and binary…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tamoghno Das , Khanh Phan Vu , Hanning Chen , Hyunwoo Oh , Mohsen Imani

Biologically-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), processing information using discrete-time events known as spikes rather than continuous values, have garnered significant attention due to their hardware-friendly and energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bin Lei , Sheng Lin , Pei-Hung Lin , Chunhua Liao , Caiwen Ding

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can be used in low-power and embedded systems (such as emerging neuromorphic chips) due to their event-based nature. Also, they have the advantage of low computation cost in contrast to conventional artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ali Samadzadeh , Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Far , Ali Javadi , Ahmad Nickabadi , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking neural networks, also often referred to as the third generation of neural networks, carry the potential for a massive reduction in memory and energy consumption over traditional, second-generation neural networks. Inspired by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Alexander Henkes , Jason K. Eshraghian , Henning Wessels

Reinforcement learning agents based on Transformer architectures have achieved impressive performance on sequential decision-making tasks, but their reliance on dense matrix operations makes them ill-suited for energy-constrained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vishal Pandey , Debasmita Biswas

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are a class of bio-inspired neural networks that promise to bring low-power and low-latency inference to edge devices through asynchronous and sparse processing. However, being temporal models, SNNs depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Asude Aydin , Mathias Gehrig , Daniel Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

The spiking neural network, known as the third generation neural network, is an important network paradigm. Due to its mode of information propagation that follows biological rationality, the spiking neural network has strong energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zihan Dai , Huanfei Ma

In this paper, we reviewed Spiking neural network (SNN) integrated circuit designs and analyzed the trends among mixed-signal cores, fully digital cores and large-scale, multi-core designs. Recently reported SNN integrated circuits are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Arindam Basu , Charlotte Frenkel , Lei Deng , Xueyong Zhang

Neuromorphic computing implementing spiking neural networks (SNN) is a promising technology for reducing the footprint of optical transceivers, as required by the fast-paced growth of data center traffic. In this work, an SNN nonlinear…

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

This paper explores the synergistic potential of neuromorphic and edge computing to create a versatile machine learning (ML) system tailored for processing data captured by dynamic vision sensors. We construct and train hybrid models,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-12 James Seekings , Peyton Chandarana , Mahsa Ardakani , MohammadReza Mohammadi , Ramtin Zand

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted the attention of the deep learning community for use in low-latency, low-power neuromorphic hardware, as well as models for understanding neuroscience. In this paper, we introduce Spiking Phasor…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Connor Bybee , E. Paxon Frady , Friedrich T. Sommer

One of today's main concerns is to bring Artificial Intelligence power to embedded systems for edge applications. The hardware resources and power consumption required by state-of-the-art models are incompatible with the constrained…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Dario Padovano , Alessio Carpegna , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

As the role of artificial intelligence becomes increasingly pivotal in modern society, the efficient training and deployment of deep neural networks have emerged as critical areas of focus. Recent advancements in attention-based large…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Kade M. Heckel , Thomas Nowotny

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered interest due to their energy efficiency and superior effectiveness on neuromorphic chips compared with traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). One of the mainstream approaches to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Zhipeng Huang , Jianhao Ding , Zhiyu Pan , Haoran Li , Ying Fang , Zhaofei Yu , Jian K. Liu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are inspired by the human brain, have recently gained popularity due to their relatively simple and low-power hardware for transmitting binary spikes and highly sparse activation maps. However, because…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Hong-Han Lien , Tian-Sheuan Chang