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Dynamic treatment regimes are treatment allocations tailored to heterogeneous individuals. The optimal dynamic treatment regime is a regime that maximizes counterfactual welfare. We introduce a framework in which we can partially learn the…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-07-14 Sukjin Han

Designing reward functions for reinforcement learning (RL) in healthcare remains challenging because clinically meaningful outcomes are sparse, delayed, and difficult to explicitly specify. Although structured clinical data capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Daniel J. Tan , Jayne Hui Zhen Chan , Kai Wen Hwang , Arturo Yong Yao Neo , Kay Choong See , Mengling Feng

Delirium is a common acute onset brain dysfunction in the emergency setting and is associated with higher mortality. It is difficult to detect and monitor since its presentations and risk factors can be different depending on the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Yiqing Zhao , Yuan Luo

Recently, there has been a surge in methodological development for the difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to evaluate causal effects. Standard methods in the literature rely on the parallel trends assumption to identify the average…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Pan Zhao , Yifan Cui

Combating an epidemic entails finding a plan that describes when and how to apply different interventions, such as mask-wearing mandates, vaccinations, school or workplace closures. An optimal plan will curb an epidemic with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Anh Mai , Nikunj Gupta , Azza Abouzied , Dennis Shasha

A crucial aspect of managing a public health crisis is to effectively balance prevention and mitigation strategies, while taking their socio-economic impact into account. In particular, determining the influence of different…

Recent advancements in sequential modeling applied to Electronic Health Records (EHR) have greatly influenced prescription recommender systems. While the recent literature on drug recommendation has shown promising performance, the study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Arya Hadizadeh Moghaddam , Mohsen Nayebi Kerdabadi , Mei Liu , Zijun Yao

The aim of survival analysis in healthcare is to estimate the probability of occurrence of an event, such as a patient's death in an intensive care unit (ICU). Recent developments in deep neural networks (DNNs) for survival analysis show…

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-29 Cassidy Laidlaw , Stuart Russell

For mental disorders, patients' underlying mental states are non-observed latent constructs which have to be inferred from observed multi-domain measurements such as diagnostic symptoms and patient functioning scores. Additionally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Yuan Chen , Donglin Zeng , Tianchen Xu , Yuanjia Wang

Predicting whether a treatment leads to meaningful improvement is a central challenge in personalized medicine, particularly when disease progression manifests as subtle visual changes over time. While data-driven deep learning (DL) offers…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Jana Armouti , Nikhil Madaan , Rohan Panda , Tom Fox , Laura Hutchins , Amita Krishnan , Ricardo Rodriguez , Bennett DeBoisblanc , Deva Ramanan , John Galeotti , Gautam Gare

When the body is infected, it mounts an acute inflammatory response to rid itself of the pathogens and restore health. Uncontrolled acute inflammation due to infection is defined clinically as Sepsis and can culminate in organ failure and…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Rukmini Kumar , Gilles Clermont , Yoram Vodovotz , Carson Chow

Background: While machine learning (ML) models are rapidly emerging as promising screening tools in critical care medicine, the identification of homogeneous subphenotypes within populations with heterogeneous conditions such as pediatric…

Personalized medicine, a paradigm of medicine tailored to a patient's characteristics, is an increasingly attractive field in health care. An important goal of personalized medicine is to identify a subgroup of patients, based on baseline…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Hengrui Cai , Wenbin Lu , Rachel Marceau West , Devan V. Mehrotra , Lingkang Huang

Sequential Recommendation (SR) predicts users next interactions by modeling the temporal order of their historical behaviors. Existing approaches, including traditional sequential models and generative recommenders, achieve strong…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sirui Huang , Jing Long , Qian Li , Guandong Xu , Qing Li

Health-related data is noisy and stochastic in implying the true physiological states of patients, limiting information contained in single-moment observations for sequential clinical decision making. We model patient-clinician interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Luchen Li , Matthieu Komorowski , Aldo A. Faisal

This study develops a pattern recognition method that identifies patterns based on their similarity and their association with the outcome of interest. The practical purpose of developing this pattern recognition method is to group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi , Uwe Aickelin , Gholamreza Haffari , Behrooz Hassani-Mahmooei

Background and Objectives: We aim to establish deep learning models to optimize the individualized energy delivery for septic patients. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a study of adult septic patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU),…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-06 Lu Wang , Li Chang , Ruipeng Zhang , Kexun Li , Yu Wang , Wei Chen , Xuanlin Feng , Mingwei Sun , Qi Wang , Charles Damien Lu , Jun Zeng , Hua Jiang

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant global health burden, where precise severity assessment is particularly critical for effective clinical management in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Akram Shojaei , Mehdi Delrobaei

The use of unsupervised learning to identify patient subgroups has emerged as a potentially promising direction to improve the efficiency of Intensive Care Units (ICUs). By identifying subgroups of patients with similar levels of medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Harry Mayne , Guy Parsons , Adam Mahdi