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Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as an alternative modeling paradigm to autoregressive (AR) language models, enabling parallel generation and bidirectional context modeling. Yet their security implications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shengfang Zhai , Xiaoyang Ji , Yuling Shi , Haoran Gao , Fanyu Meng , Yan Zeng , Yuejian Fang , Yinpeng Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, their security remains a pressing concern. One major threat is jailbreak attacks, where adversarial prompts bypass model safeguards to generate harmful or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tiehan Cui , Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Congying Liu , Datao You

Trained on a vast amount of data, Large Language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success and generalization in modeling fairly complex textual inputs in the abstract space, making them powerful tools for zero-shot learning. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Shervin Ardeshir

With the emergence of high-performance large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Claude, and Gemini, the autonomous and semi-autonomous execution of tasks has significantly advanced across various domains. However, in highly specialized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Masaya Kobayashi , Masane Fuchi , Amar Zanashir , Tomonori Yoneda , Tomohiro Takagi

Human motion generation driven by deep generative models has enabled compelling applications, but the ability of text-to-motion (T2M) models to produce realistic motions from text prompts raises security concerns if exploited maliciously.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Honglei Miao , Fan Ma , Ruijie Quan , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

We study an important task of attacking natural language processing models in a black box setting. We propose an attack strategy that crafts semantically similar adversarial examples on text classification and entailment tasks. Our proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Rishabh Maheshwary , Saket Maheshwary , Vikram Pudi

This paper introduces a novel Bayesian learning model to explain the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on their core optimization metric of next token prediction. We develop a theoretical framework based on an ideal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Siddhartha Dalal , Vishal Misra

Evaluations of large language model (LLM) risks and capabilities are increasingly being incorporated into AI risk management and governance frameworks. Currently, most risk evaluations are conducted by designing inputs that elicit harmful…

Existing gradient-based jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) typically optimize adversarial suffixes to align the LLM output with predefined target responses. However, restricting the objective as inducing fixed targets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinzhe Huang , Wenjing Hu , Tianhang Zheng , Kedong Xiu , Xiaojun Jia , Di Wang , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to Jailbreaking attacks, which aim to extract harmful information by subtly modifying the attack query. As defense mechanisms evolve, directly obtaining harmful information becomes increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yixin Cheng , Markos Georgopoulos , Volkan Cevher , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Code generation large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into modern software development workflows. Recent work has shown that these models are vulnerable to backdoor and poisoning attacks that induce the generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Shenao Yan , Shimaa Ahmed , Shan Jin , Sunpreet S. Arora , Yiwei Cai , Yizhen Wang , Yuan Hong

Despite the continued research and progress in building secure systems, Android applications continue to be ridden with vulnerabilities, necessitating effective detection methods. Current strategies involving static and dynamic analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Noble Saji Mathews , Yelizaveta Brus , Yousra Aafer , Meiyappan Nagappan , Shane McIntosh

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rujie Dai , Peizhuo Lv , Yujiang Gui , Qiujian Lv , Yuanyuan Qiao , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Weiqing Huang , Yingjiu Li , XiaoFeng Wang

Backdoor unalignment attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs) enable the stealthy compromise of safety alignment using a hidden trigger while evading normal safety auditing. These attacks pose significant threats to the applications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Biao Yi , Tiansheng Huang , Sishuo Chen , Tong Li , Zheli Liu , Zhixuan Chu , Yiming Li

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) extend large language models (LLMs) to process multi-modal information, enabling them to generate responses to image-text inputs. MLLMs have been incorporated into diverse multi-modal applications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Zenghui Yuan , Jiawen Shi , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sunbowen Lee , Shiwen Ni , Chi Wei , Shuaimin Li , Liyang Fan , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Ruifeng Xu , Yicheng Gong , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Hang Zhang , Qian Lou , Yanshan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreak attacks. We introduce HarmNet, a modular framework comprising ThoughtNet, a hierarchical semantic network; a feedback-driven Simulator for iterative query refinement;…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sidhant Narula , Javad Rafiei Asl , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including Web search, healthcare, and software development. However, as these models scale, they become more vulnerable to cybersecurity risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qin Liu , Wenjie Mo , Terry Tong , Jiashu Xu , Fei Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Recent work has proposed automated red-teaming methods for testing the vulnerabilities of a given target large language model (LLM). These methods use red-teaming LLMs to uncover inputs that induce harmful behavior in a target LLM. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović
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