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Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a promising approach to robust and explainable Question Answering (QA). While LLMs excel at natural language understanding, they suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jasper Linders , Jakub M. Tomczak

Numerical reasoning is an important task in the analysis of financial documents. It helps in understanding and performing numerical predictions with logical conclusions for the given query seeking answers from financial texts. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aryan Mishra , Akash Anil

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) store structured factual knowledge by linking entities through relationships, crucial for many applications. These applications depend on the KG's factual accuracy, so verifying facts is essential, yet challenging.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Farzad Shami , Stefano Marchesin , Gianmaria Silvello

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon often known as hallucination). Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) tries to reduce factual errors by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dobrik Georgiev , Kheeran Naidu , Alberto Cattaneo , Federico Monti , Carlo Luschi , Daniel Justus

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at language understanding but remain limited in knowledge-intensive domains due to hallucinations, outdated information, and limited explainability. Text-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Larissa Pusch , Alexandre Courtiol , Tim Conrad

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted at an unprecedented rate, yet still face challenges in knowledge-intensive domains like biomedicine. Solutions such as pre-training and domain-specific fine-tuning add substantial computational…

Knowledge graphs, a powerful tool for structuring information through relational triplets, have recently become the new front-runner in enhancing question-answering systems. While traditional Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Vaibhav Chaudhary , Neha Soni , Narotam Singh , Amita Kapoor

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

Large language models (LLMs) has become a significant research focus and is utilized in various fields, such as text generation and dialog systems. One of the most essential applications of LLM is Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sicheng Dong , Vahid Zolfaghari , Nenad Petrovic , Alois Knoll

In the modern financial sector, the exponential growth of data has made efficient and accurate financial data analysis increasingly crucial. Traditional methods, such as statistical analysis and rule-based systems, often struggle to process…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-10 Jingru Wang , Wen Ding , Xiaotong Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities but face limitations such as hallucinations and outdated knowledge. Knowledge Graph (KG)-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses these issues by grounding LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mufei Li , Siqi Miao , Pan Li

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, their abilities to tackle complex tasks have significantly improved. However, issues such as hallucination and the lack of up-to-date knowledge largely remain unresolved. Knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lihui Liu

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) represent human-crafted factual knowledge in the form of triplets (head, relation, tail), which collectively form a graph. Question Answering over KGs (KGQA) is the task of answering natural questions grounding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Costas Mavromatis , George Karypis

Technology-enhanced learning environments often help students retrieve relevant learning content for questions arising during self-paced study. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as novel aids for information retrieval during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eason Chen , Chuangji Li , Shizhuo Li , Zimo Xiao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Extraction and interpretation of intricate information from unstructured text data arising in financial applications, such as earnings call transcripts, present substantial challenges to large language models (LLMs) even using the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Benika Hall , Rohan Rao , Sunil Patel , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

In this work, we investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) within a graph-based Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture for Energy Efficiency (EE) Question Answering. First, the system automatically extracts a Knowledge…

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) presents significant challenges due to the structural and semantic variations across input graphs. Existing works rely on Large Language Model (LLM) agents for graph traversal and retrieval; an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Costas Mavromatis , Soji Adeshina , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Zhen Han , Qi Zhu , Ian Robinson , Bryan Thompson , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis

Given unstructured text, Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at answering simple (single-hop) questions. However, as the complexity of the questions increase, the performance of LLMs degrade. We believe this is due to the overhead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Pranoy Panda , Ankush Agarwal , Chaitanya Devaguptapu , Manohar Kaul , Prathosh A P
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