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Embedding models have been crucial in enabling various downstream tasks such as semantic similarity, information retrieval, and clustering. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in developing universal text embedding models that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ziyan Jiang , Rui Meng , Xinyi Yang , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen

Translation-based prompting is widely used in multilingual LLMs, yet its effectiveness varies across languages and tasks. We evaluate prompting strategies across ten languages of different resource levels and four benchmarks. Our analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Wei-Chi Wu , Sheng-Lun Wei , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

While open sourced Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have proliferated, selecting the optimal pretrained model for a specific downstream task remains challenging. Exhaustive evaluation is often infeasible due to computational constraints and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Yang , Hong Xie , Tao Tan , Xin Li , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

In-context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful capability alongside the development of scaled-up large language models (LLMs). By instructing LLMs using few-shot demonstrative examples, ICL enables them to perform a wide range of tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Quanyu Long , Yin Wu , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

Recent advancements indicate that scaling up Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) effectively enhances performance on downstream multimodal tasks. The prevailing MLLM paradigm, \emph{e.g.}, LLaVA, transforms visual features into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Wenqiao Zhang , Tianwei Lin , Jiang Liu , Fangxun Shu , Haoyuan Li , Lei Zhang , He Wanggui , Hao Zhou , Zheqi Lv , Hao Jiang , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yosub Shin , Michael Buriek , Igor Molybog

Recent advancements in autonomous driving (AD) have explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) within visual question answering (VQA) frameworks for direct driving decision-making. However, these approaches often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xin Hu , Taotao Jing , Renran Tian , Zhengming Ding

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable progress in various multimodal tasks, yet they often struggle with complex visual reasoning that requires multi-step inference. To address this limitation, we propose MF-SQ-LLaVA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Liu Jing , Amirul Rahman

In this paper, we present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of vision-language models (VLMs) for disparate meme classification tasks. We introduced a novel approach that generates a VLM-based understanding of meme images and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Deepesh Gavit , Debajyoti Mazumder , Samiran Das , Jasabanta Patro

In the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task, the agent is required to navigate to a destination following a natural language instruction. While learning-based approaches have been a major solution to the task, they suffer from high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhaohuan Zhan , Lisha Yu , Sijie Yu , Guang Tan

Task embedding, a meta-learning technique that captures task-specific information, has gained popularity, especially in areas such as multi-task learning, model editing, and interpretability. However, it faces challenges with the emergence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Xinyu Wang , Hainiu Xu , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to follow natural-language instructions and navigate through previously unseen environments. Recent approaches increasingly employ large language models (LLMs) as high-level navigators…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shutian Gu , Chengkai Huang , Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao

Recent generalist vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across diverse multimodal tasks. However, these models still struggle with fine-grained object-level understanding and grounding. In terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Timothy Ossowski , Junjie Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Advances in multimodal pre-training have propelled object-level foundation models, such as Grounding DINO and Florence-2, in tasks like visual grounding and object detection. However, interpreting these models' decisions has grown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Ruoyu Chen , Siyuan Liang , Jingzhi Li , Shiming Liu , Maosen Li , Zhen Huang , Hua Zhang , Xiaochun Cao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown great success as foundational models for downstream vision and natural language applications in a variety of domains. However, these models are limited to reasoning over objects and actions currently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zachary Chavis , Hyun Soo Park , Stephen J. Guy

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve great performance on visual-language reasoning tasks, however, the black-box nature of LVLMs hinders in-depth research on the reasoning mechanism. As all images need to be converted into image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xiaofeng Zhang , Yihao Quan , Chen Shen , Xiaosong Yuan , Shaotian Yan , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Chaochen Gu , Hao Tang , Jieping Ye

Reasoning encompasses two typical types: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Despite extensive research into the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), most studies have failed to rigorously differentiate between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Kewei Cheng , Jingfeng Yang , Haoming Jiang , Zhengyang Wang , Binxuan Huang , Ruirui Li , Shiyang Li , Zheng Li , Yifan Gao , Xian Li , Bing Yin , Yizhou Sun

Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefan Nielsen , Edoardo Cetin , Peter Schwendeman , Qi Sun , Jinglue Xu , Yujin Tang

Real-world applications, such as autonomous driving and humanoid robot manipulation, require precise spatial perception. However, it remains underexplored how Vision-Language Models (VLMs) recognize spatial relationships and perceive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fei Kong , Jinhao Duan , Kaidi Xu , Zhenhua Guo , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi